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Effect of Phase Transformation and Recalescence on the Squareness of Steel Beams in Water-Jet Quenching

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Abstract

Quenching and self-tempering (QST) is an advanced thermo-mechanical process for “H” shaped steel beams. QST is an intensive surface cooling and self-tempering process that provides the grain refinement needed for high strength of low-carbon steels. However, the application of quenching often results in substantial deformation due to the formation of the martensitic microstructure at a high cooling rate. Quench deformation has been a complex metallurgical phenomenon that is difficult to accurately control in the beam-making process. A correlation between shape distortion and temperature distribution was therefore investigated through a lab-scale test. The thermal deformation was also analyzed numerically by using a commercial finite element program ANSYS APDL to explain the thermal expansion and contraction mechanisms of quenched steel beams. A metallurgical effect was sub-coded to follow a phase transformation in the quenching simulation. The theoretical approach and numerical simulation of the H-beam quenching are compared to the experimental findings.

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Data Availability

The raw/processed data needed to reproduce these results cannot be shared at this time as they are also part of an on-going study.

Abbreviations

CCT:

Continuous cooling transformation

CR:

Cooling rate

HTC:

Heat transfer coefficient

QST:

Quenching and self-tempering

SCT:

Start cooling temperature

TC:

Thermocouple

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Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Incheon Works, Hyundai Steel Company, 63 Jungbong-daero, Dong-gu, Incheon, 22525, South Korea

    Bon Seung Koo

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  1. Bon Seung Koo
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Koo, B.S. Effect of Phase Transformation and Recalescence on the Squareness of Steel Beams in Water-Jet Quenching. Metall Mater Trans B 54, 2840–2851 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02878-2

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