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Characteristics and Evolution Behavior of Non-metallic Inclusions in a Novel Ni–W–Co Heavy-Density Alloy Manufactured by VIM/VAR

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Abstract

Casting and wrought (C&W) metallurgical technology is an effective strategy to fabricate large-sized heavy-density alloy to reduce costs and improve densification, but inevitably limited by the inclusionary cleanliness. In this work, a recently developed Ni–W–Co heavy-density alloy was prepared by industrial vacuum induction melting (VIM) followed by a vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process. The characteristics and evolution behavior of non-metallic inclusions during the melting process were investigated as well. Results demonstrated that the heavy-density alloy prepared by VIM/VAR exhibited considerable process feasibility and cleanliness. The total impurity (O, N, S) content decreased from 130 to 19 ppm because of vacuum carbon pre-deoxidation, followed by calcium deep deoxidation and desulfurization. The actual composition of the non-metallic inclusion was determined and mainly classified into five types: MgO–Al2O3, CaO–MgO–Al2O3, CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2, CaO–MgO–Al2O3–(CaS), and CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–(CaS), wherein MgO–Al2O3 were the primary inclusions that presented the dominant proportion with small size of ≤ 2 μm and mainly attributed to the erosion and decomposition of crucible refractories. Minor calcium addition triggered distinct modification from small-sized particle MgO–Al2O3 dominated inclusions to large–sized dual-phase CaO–MgO–Al2O3 inclusions. Suggestions about the control of contamination impurities and non-metallic inclusions in Ni–W–Co alloy were also discussed.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51874103 and 51974020).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, Beijing, PR China

    Shufeng Yang, Peng Zhao, Shulei Yang, Wei Liu & Jingshe Li

  2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, Beijing, PR China

    Shufeng Yang

  3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, Beijing, PR China

    Lei Zheng

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  1. Shufeng Yang
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  2. Peng Zhao
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Yang, S., Zhao, P., Yang, S. et al. Characteristics and Evolution Behavior of Non-metallic Inclusions in a Novel Ni–W–Co Heavy-Density Alloy Manufactured by VIM/VAR. Metall Mater Trans B 53, 760–769 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02413-1

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