Abstract
Fused CaF2-TiO2 fluxes are developed and applied on EH36 shipbuilding plates under high heat input submerged arc welding. Transfer behaviors of O and major alloying elements are systematically investigated. TiO2 contributes to O gain in the weld pool, but leads to concurrent losses of Si, Mn, and C via deoxidation and decarburization reactions. Transfer of Ti to the weld metal is suppressed due to improved flux O potential and chemical interaction between CaF2 and TiO2.
References
V. Sengupta, D. Havrylov and P. Mendez: Weld. J., 2019, vol. 98, pp. 283–313.
S. Kou: Welding Metallurgy, 2nd ed.,Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 2003, pp. 22–95.
T. Lau, G. Weatherly and A. McLean: Weld. J., 1985, vol. 64, pp. 343–47.
T. Lau, G. Weatherly and A. McLean, Weld. J., 1986, vol. 65, pp. 31–38.
D. Olson, S. Liu, R.H. Frost, G. Edwards and D. Fleming: Nature and Behavior of Fluxes Used for Welding, ASM Handbook, Materials Park, OH, 1993, vol. 6, pp. 43–54.
T. Eagar: Weld. J., 1978, vol. 57, pp. 76–80.
C. Natalie, D. Olson and M. Blander: Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1986, vol. 16, pp. 389–413.
S. Tuliani, T. Boniszewski and N. Eaton: Weld. Met. Fabr., 1969, vol. 37, pp. 327–39.
J. Zhang, T. Coetsee and C. Wang: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2020, vol. 51, pp. 16–21.
C. Dallam, S. Liu and D. Olson: Weld. J., 1985, vol. 64, pp. 140–51.
J. Zhang, J. Leng and C. Wang: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2019, vol. 50, pp. 2083–87.
J. Zhang, T. Coetsee, H. Dong and C. Wang: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2020, vol. 51, pp. 885-90.
C. Chai and T. Eagar: Weld. J., 1982, vol. 61, pp. 229–32.
R. Kohno, T. Takami, N. Mori and K. Nagano: Weld. J., 1982, vol. 61, pp. 373–80.
L. Lan, X. Kong, C. Qiu and D. Zhao: Mater. Des., 2016, vol. 90, pp. 488–98.
K. Bang, C. Park, H. Jung and J. Lee: Met. Mater. Int., 2009, vol. 15, pp. 471–77.
U. Mitra and T. Eagar: Metall. Trans. B, 1991, vol. 22B, pp. 73–81.
R. Farrar and P. Harrison: J. Mater. Sci., 1987, vol. 22, pp. 3812–20.
A. Mercado, V. Hirata, H. Rosales, P. Diaz and E. Valdez: Mater. Charact., 2009, vol. 60, pp. 36–39.
J. Roy, R. Rai and S. Saha: Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol., 2018, vol. 56, pp. 313–25.
P. Burck, J. Indacochea and D. Olson: Weld. J., 1990, vol. 3, pp. 115–22.
J. Indacochea, M. Blander, N. Christensen and D. Olson: Metall. Trans. B, 1985, vol. 16B, pp. 237–45.
N. Pandey, A. Bharti and S. Gupta: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1994, vol. 40, pp. 195–211.
P. Kanjilal, T. Pal and S. Majumdar: Weld. J., 2007, vol. 10, pp. 135–46.
J. Zhang, T. Coetsee, H. Dong, and C. Wang: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01869-x.
J. Zhang, T. Coetsee, H. Dong, and C. Wang: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01879-9.
C. Chai: Slag-Metal Reactions during Flux Shielded Arc Welding, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1980.
K. Mills and B. Keene: Int. Met. Rev., 1981, vol. 26, pp. 21–69.
C. Jackson: Weld. Res. Counc. Bull., 1973, No.190.
L. Hillert: Acta Polytech. Scand., 1970, No. 90.
S. Yakobashvili: Arotreferat Kandidata Teckhn., 1963, Nauk. Akad. Nauk Ukr. SSR, Kiev.
A.Goncharov, A. Manakov, and P. Kovalcv: Tr. Inst. Met. Akad. Nauk, Uralsk Nauk Tsentr., 1972, vol. 24, p. 159.
C. Chai and T. Eagar: Metall. Trans. B, 1981, vol. 12B, pp. 539–47.
U. Mitra: Kinetics of Slag Metal Reactions during Submerged Arc Welding of Steel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1984.
A. Erokhin: Theory of Fusion Welding, 1st ed., China Machinery Press, Beijing, 1981, pp. 232–33.
J. Devletian, J. Chen, W. Wood and T. Eagar: Fundamental Aspects of Electroslag Welding of Titanium Alloys, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990, pp. 419–24.
A. Sikorski: Weld. Int., 1993, vol. 7, pp. 683–85.
U. Mitra and T. Eagar: Metall. Trans. B, 1991, vol. 22B, pp. 83–100.
We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51622401, 51861130361, 51861145312, and 51850410522), Royal Academy of Engineering (TSPC1070), Newton Advanced Fellowship by the Royal Society (Grant No. RP12G0414), Research Fund for Central Universities (Grant No. N172502004, N2025025), Xingliao Talents Program (XLYC1807024 and XLYC1802024), Liaoning Key Industrial Program (2019JH1/10100014), The Innovation Team of Northeastern University, and Global Talents Recruitment Program endowed by the Chinese government for their financial support. We thank the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University (Grant No. SKLSP201805), Shagang Steel, and Lincoln Electric China. This work is also funded in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (BRICS171211293679).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Manuscript submitted May 28, 2020.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, J., Coetsee, T., Dong, H. et al. Element Transfer Behaviors of Fused CaF2-TiO2 Fluxes in EH36 Shipbuilding Steel During High Heat Input Submerged Arc Welding. Metall Mater Trans B 51, 1953–1957 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01936-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01936-3