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Thermal Analysis on the Pyrolysis of Tetrabromobisphenol A and Electric Arc Furnace Dust Mixtures

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B volume 49, pages 45–60 (2018)Cite this article

Abstract

The pyrolysis of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) mixed with electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and theoretically analyzed using thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. Mixtures of both materials with varying TBBPA loads (1:1 and 1:3) were prepared and pyrolyzed in a nitrogen atmosphere under dynamic heating conditions at heating rates of 5 and 10 °C/min. The mixtures degraded through several steps, including decomposition of TBBPA yielding mainly HBr, bromination of metal oxides, followed by their evaporation in the sequence of CuBr3, ZnBr2, PbBr2, FeBr2, MnBr2, KBr, NaBr, CaBr2, and MgBr2, and finally reduction of the remaining metal oxides by the char formed from decomposition of TBBPA. Thermodynamic calculations suggest the possibility of selective bromination of zinc and lead followed by their evaporation, leaving iron in its oxide form, while the char formed may serve as a reduction agent for iron oxides into metallic iron. However, at higher TBBPA volumes, iron bromide forms, which can also be evaporated at a temperature higher than those of ZnBr2 and PbBr2. Results from this work provide practical insight into selective recovery of valuable metals from EAFD while at the same time recycling the hazardous bromine content in TBBPA.

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Notes

  1. FACTSAGE is a trademark of GTT Technologies.

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Acknowledgment

The authors thank the deanship of scientific research at Jordan University of Science and Technology (Project Nos. 104/2014 and 137/2016) for financing this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan

    Mohammad Al-Harahsheh, Awni Al-Otoom & Muhannad Al-Jarrah

  2. School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia

    Mohammednoor Altarawneh

  3. Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7-2RD, UK

    Sam Kingman

Authors
  1. Mohammad Al-Harahsheh
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  2. Awni Al-Otoom
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  3. Muhannad Al-Jarrah
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  4. Mohammednoor Altarawneh
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  5. Sam Kingman
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Al-Harahsheh.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted July 3, 2017.

Appendix

Appendix

See Figures A1, A2, A3

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Al-Harahsheh, M., Al-Otoom, A., Al-Jarrah, M. et al. Thermal Analysis on the Pyrolysis of Tetrabromobisphenol A and Electric Arc Furnace Dust Mixtures. Metall Mater Trans B 49, 45–60 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-017-1121-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-017-1121-7

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