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Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Pulsed Electric Current Sintered (PECS) Cu-Diamond Compacts

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Abstract

In this work, dispersion strengthening of copper by diamonds is explored. In particular, the influence of 50- and 250-nm diamonds at contents of 3 and 6 vol. pct on the mechanical and thermal properties of pulsed electric current sintered (PECS) Cu composites is studied. The composite powders were prepared by mechanical alloying in argon atmosphere using a high-energy vibratory ball mill. The PECS compacts prepared had high density (>97 pct of T.D.) with quite evenly distributed diamonds. The effectiveness of dispersoids in increasing the microhardness was more pronounced at a smaller particle size and larger volume fraction, explained by Hall–Petch and Orowan strengthening models. The microhardness of Cu with 6 and 3 vol. pct nanodiamonds and pure sm-Cu (submicron-sized Cu) was 1.77, 1.46, and 1.02 GPa, respectively. In annealing experiments at 623 K to 873 K (350 °C to 600 °C), the composites with 6 vol. pct dispersoids retained their hardness better than those with less dispersoids or sm-Cu. The coefficient of thermal expansion was lowered when diamonds were added, being the lowest at about 14 × 10−6 K−1 between 473 K and 573 K (200 °C and 300 °C). Good bonding between the copper and diamond was qualitatively demonstrated by nanoindentation. In conclusion, high-quality Cu-diamond composites can be produced by PECS with improved strength and better thermal stability than for sm-Cu.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a consortium of Finnish companies and the Graduate School on Advanced Materials and Processes of the Academy of Finland. Ms. Anu Keski-Honkola, Dr. Xuwen Liu, and Ms. Pirjo Korpiala are thanked for their help in the experimental work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16200, 00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland

    Riina Ritasalo (Doctoral Student), Yanling Ge (Researcher) & Simo-Pekka Hannula (Professor)

  2. VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, P.O. Box 1300, 33101, Tampere, Finland

    Ulla Kanerva (Research Scientist)

Authors
  1. Riina Ritasalo
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  2. Ulla Kanerva
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  3. Yanling Ge
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  4. Simo-Pekka Hannula
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Correspondence to Riina Ritasalo.

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Manuscript submitted January 29, 2013.

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Ritasalo, R., Kanerva, U., Ge, Y. et al. Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Pulsed Electric Current Sintered (PECS) Cu-Diamond Compacts. Metall Mater Trans B 45, 489–496 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-013-9895-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-013-9895-8

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