Abstract
In the present work, laboratory-scale continuous filtration tests of liquid A356 aluminum alloy have been performed. The tests were conducted using standard 30 PPI (pores per inch) ceramic foam filters combined with magnetic flux densities (~0.1 and 0.2 T), produced using two different induction coils operated at 50 Hz AC. A reference filtration test was also carried out under gravity conditions, i.e., without an applied magnetic field. The obtained results clearly prove that the magnetic field has a significant affect on the distribution of SiC particles. The influence of the electromagnetic Lorentz forces and induced bulk metal flow on the obtained filtration efficiencies and on the wetting behavior of the filter media by liquid aluminum is discussed. The magnitudes of the Lorentz forces produced by the induction coils are quantified based on analytical and COMSOL 4.2® finite element modeling.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Makarov, R. Ludwig, and D. Apelian, Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 10, 1999, pp. 1047-53.
Z. Xu, T. Li, and Y. Zhou: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, vol. 38A, 2007, pp. 1104-10.
T. Li, Z. Xu, B. Sun, D. Shu, and Y. Zhou, Acta Metall. Sinica Engl. Lett., vol. 13, 2000, pp. 1068-74.
L. Damoah and L. Zhang: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, vol. 41B, 2010, pp. 886-907.
D. Leenov and A. Kolin, J. Chem. Phys., vol. 22, 1954, pp. 683-88.
P. Vilinskas and R. Schiltz, Nucl. Appl., vol. 6, no. 2, (1969), 176-77.
C. Conti, J. Meyer, J. Riquet, and P. Netter: Patent Number EP 290360 A(00290360/EP-A), 1988.
D. Shu, T. Li, B. Sun, J. Wang, and Y. Zhou: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, vol. 30A, 1999, pp. 2979-88.
K. Takahashi and S. Taniguchi, ISIJ international, vol. 43, 2003, pp. 820-27.
J.P. Park, A. Morihira, K. Sassa, and S. Asai, Tetsu-to-hagané, vol. 80, 1994, pp. 389-94.
S. Taniguchi and J. Brimacombe, ISIJ Int, vol. 34, 1994, pp. 722-31.
J. Barglik and C. Sajdak: Elektrowärme Int., (2), 1985, pp. B77–B80.
D. Shu, B. Sun, K. Li, J. Wang, and Y. Zhou, ISIJ Int., vol. 42, 2002, pp. 1241-50.
N. El-Kaddah, A. Patel, and T. Natarajan, JOM, vol. 47, 1995, pp. 46-49.
N. El-Kaddah: US Patent 4,909,836, 1990.
D. Shu, J. Wang, H. Chen, and B. Sun: US Patent Application 20,080/216,601, 2005.
M.W. Kennedy, S. Akhtar, J.A. Bakken, and R.E. Aune: Light Metals, San Diego, California, 27 February–3 March, 2011, pp. 763–68.
R. Fritzsch, M.W. Kennedy, S. Akhtar, J.A. Bakken, and R.E. Aune: Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Beijing, China, 23–25 October, 2012, pp. 1–4.
M.W. Kennedy, S. Akhtar, J.A. Bakken, and R.E. Aune: EPD Congress, San Diego, California, 27 February–3 March, 2011, pp. 707–22.
M.W. Kennedy, S. Akhtar, J.A. Bakken, and R.E. Aune: COMSOL Users Conference, Stuttgart, Germany, 26–28 October, 2011, pp. 1–9.
M.W. Kennedy, S. Akhtar, J.A. Bakken, and R.E. Aune: Light Metals, Orlando, FL, 11–15 March, 2012, pp. 269–75.
R. Weaver: http://electronbunker.ca/DL/NumericalExamples01.ods, accessed 15 December 2012.
N. McLachlan, Bessel Functions for Engineers, Clarendon Press, Gloucestershire, 1955, pp. 215-230.
V. Korovin, Magnetohydrodynamics (Engl. Transl.), vol. 22, 1986, pp. 17-19.
V. Korovin, Magnetohydrodynamics (Engl. Transl.), vol. 21, 1986, pp. 321-26.
H. Nagaoka, J. Coll. Sci., vol. 27, 1909, pp. 18-33.
D. Knight: Part 1: Solenoid Inductance Calculation, October, 2012, http://www.g3ynh.info/zdocs/magnetics/Solenoids.pdf, accessed 15 December 2012.
R. Brandt and G. Neuer, Int. J. Thermophys., vol. 28, 2007, pp. 1429-46.
M.W. Kennedy, K. Zhang, R. Fritzsch, S. Akhtar, J.A. Bakken, and R.E. Aune: Metall. Trans. B, 2012 (accepted).
A. Çiftja: PhD Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, 2009.
P. Forchheimer, Z. Ver. Deutsch. Ing, vol. 45, 1901, pp. 1782-88.
S. Ray, B. Milligan, and N. Keegan: Aluminium Cast House Technology 2005, 9th Australasian Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia, 12–15 September, 2005, pp. 1–12.
R. Fritzsch: Masters Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, 2011.
H. Duval, C. Rivière, É. Laé, P. Le Brun, and J. Guillot: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, vol. 40B, 2009, pp. 233-46.
A. Kolsgaard and S. Brusethaug, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 173, 1993, pp. 213-19.
A. Ourdjini, K. Chew, and B. Khoo, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 116, 2001, pp. 72-76.
S. Shabestari and J. Gruzleski: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, vol. 26A, 1995, pp. 999-1006.
P.L. Schaffer and A.K. Dahle: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 413, 2005, pp. 373-78.
A. Hoffmann, H. Arends, and H. Sie, Filtr. Sep., vol. 28, 1991, pp. 188-93.
D. Chesonis, D. DeYoung, D. Lake, N. Ridler, G. Alcoa Manufacturing, L.W. Works, and W.S.A.I. Swansea: Light Metals, Seattle, 17–21 February, 2002, pp. 937–44.
N. Keegan, W. Schneider, and H. Krug: Light Metals, San Diego, California, 28 February–4 March, 1999, pp. 1031–41.
N.J. Keegan and S.F. Ray: in Alcastek, Mumbai, India, Dr. Nilmanied, ed., 2002, pp. 1–10.
M.W. Kennedy, R. Fritzsch, S. Akhtar, J.A. Bakken, and R.E. Aune: Metall. Trans. B, 2012 (in press).
R. Fritzsch, M.W. Kennedy, J.A. Bakken, and R.E. Aune: Light Metals, San Antonio, 3–7 March, 2013 (in press).
R. Fritzsch, B. Mirzaei, M.W. Kennedy, J.A. Bakken, and R.E. Aune: Light Metals, San Antonio, 3–7 March, 2013 (in press).
K. Yeum and D. Poirier: Light Metals, 1988, pp. 469–76.
D. Wang and R. Overfelt: Int. J. Thermophys., vol. 23, 2002, pp. 1063-76.
Acknowledgments
The present study was carried out as part of the RIRA (Remelting and Inclusion Refining of Aluminium) project funded by the Norwegian Research Council (NRC)—BIP Project No. 179947/I40. The industrial partners involved in the project are Hydro Aluminium AS, SAPA Heat Transfer AB, Alcoa Norway ANS, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), and SINTEF Materials and Chemistry. The funding granted by the industrial partners and the NRC is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Egil Torsetnes at the NTNU for helping with the design and construction of the experimental apparatus. Sincere gratitude is also due to Kurt Sandaunet at SINTEF for his support and help as well as for the use of the SINTEF laboratory. The high quality metallographic work of Robert Fritzsch and Behzad Mirzaei was also invaluable.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Manuscript submitted December 2, 2011.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kennedy, M.W., Akhtar, S., Bakken, J.A. et al. Electromagnetically Modified Filtration of Aluminum Melts—Part I: Electromagnetic Theory and 30 PPI Ceramic Foam Filter Experimental Results. Metall Mater Trans B 44, 691–705 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-013-9798-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-013-9798-8