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The Kinetics of Reduction of Dense Synthetic Nickel Oxide in H2-N2 and H2-H2O Atmospheres

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Abstract

An investigation of the kinetics of reduction of dense synthetic nickel oxide has been carried out in H2-N2 and H2-H2O mixtures between 500 °C and 1000 °C. The progress of the reduction was followed metallographically by the measurement of the advance of the nickel product layer. The influences of hydrogen partial pressure, hydrogen-steam ratio, and temperature were systematically investigated in both sets of the mixtures. Increasing hydrogen partial pressure under all conditions investigated results in an increase in the reduction rate. In H2-N2 mixtures and H2-H2O mixtures with low steam content, the initial reduction rate was found to be first order with respect to hydrogen partial pressure. In both sets of mixtures, it was found that the progress of Ni thickness was not a monotonic function of temperature. A minimum rate of advancement of Ni product was observed between 600 °C and 800 °C, depending on the hydrogen partial pressures and reduction time. The change in reduction behavior is shown to be directly linked to changes in Ni product microstructure.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the BHP Billiton Yabulu Refinery and Australian Research Council Linkage program for their financial support. The authors also thank AusAid for providing a scholarship for TH. The authors also acknowledge Mr. John Fittock and Dr. Joy Morgan (BHP Billiton Yabulu) for their valuable help and discussion.

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Author notes

  1. M.A. Rhamdhani (Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Lecturer)

    Present address: Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pyrometallurgy Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    T. Hidayat (Postgraduate Student), M.A. Rhamdhani (Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Lecturer), E. Jak (Director) & P.C. Hayes (Xstrata Professor of Metallurgical Engineering)

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  1. T. Hidayat
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  2. M.A. Rhamdhani
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  3. E. Jak
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Correspondence to T. Hidayat.

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Manuscript submitted May 18, 2008.

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Hidayat, T., Rhamdhani, M., Jak, E. et al. The Kinetics of Reduction of Dense Synthetic Nickel Oxide in H2-N2 and H2-H2O Atmospheres. Metall Mater Trans B 40, 1–16 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-008-9212-0

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