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Large-eddy simulation of laser-induced surface-tension-driven flow

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Abstract

The turbulent flow inside a laser-generated molten pool is investigated by an adapted large-eddy simulation (LES) model that incorporates physical considerations pertaining to the solid-liquid phase change. A single-domain, fixed-grid enthalpy-porosity approach is utilized to model the phase-change phenomena in the presence of a continuously evolving solid/liquid interface. The governing transport equations are simultaneously solved by employing a control-volume formulation, in conjunction with an appropriate enthalpy-updating closure scheme. To demonstrate the performance of the present model in the context of phase-change materials processing, simulation of a typical high-power laser melting process is carried out, where effects of turbulent transport can actually be realized. It is found that the present LES-based model is more successful in capturing the experimental trends, in comparison to the k-ε-based turbulence models often employed to solve similar problems in contemporary research investigations.

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Abbreviations

a P,a /0 P :

discretization equation coefficients

b :

small number to avoid division by zero

c :

specific heat (J/kg K)

f l :

liquid fraction

g :

acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)

G :

filter function

h :

convective heat-transfer coefficient (W/m2 K)

H :

total enthalpy (J/kg)

k m :

a large number

k SGS :

subgrid kinetic energy (m2/s2)

K :

thermal conductivity (W/m K)

L :

latent heat of fusion (J/kg)

P :

pressure (N/m2)

P SGS :

subgrid production term (m2/s3)

Q :

net power (W)

q″:

heat flux (W/m2)

Q :

actual power input (W)

r q :

radius of laser beam (m)

R:

universal gas constant (J/Kmol K)

T :

temperature (K)

t :

time (seconds)

U :

x component of velocity (m/s)

v :

y component of velocity (m/s)

w :

z component of velocity (m/s)

x, y, and z :

coordinate system

β T :

volumetric expansion coefficient of heat (K−1)

η :

laser efficiency

η k :

Kolmogorov length scale

μ :

dynamic viscosity (Pa·s)

μ t :

Eddy viscosity (Pa·s)

h L :

latent enthalpy (J/kg)

ε SGS :

subgrid kinetic-energy dissipation rate (m2/s3)

ε r :

emissivity

ε t :

total dissipation rate (m2/s3)

λ :

relaxation factor

\(\bar \theta \) :

normalized temperature

ρ :

density (kg/m3)

σ rad :

Stefan-Boltzmann constant (W/m2 K4)

σ T :

surface-tension coefficient (N/m K)

ζ :

vorticity vector (m/s2)

max:

maximum value

n :

iteration level/normal direction

old:

old iteration value

ref:

reference

∞:

ambient

SGS:

subgrid term

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, 721302, Kharagpur, India

    Dipankar Chatterjee (Senior Research Fellow) & Suman Chakraborty (Assistant Professor)

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  1. Dipankar Chatterjee
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  2. Suman Chakraborty
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Chatterjee, D., Chakraborty, S. Large-eddy simulation of laser-induced surface-tension-driven flow. Metall Mater Trans B 36, 743–754 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-005-0078-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-005-0078-0

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