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Dynamics of the spout of gas plumes discharging from a melt: Experimental investigation with a large-scale water model

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Abstract

In the present study, the spout region of a gas plume discharging from a melt has been investigated using a water model of 180 cm in height and 160 cm in diameter. The lateral movement of the spout, as measured optically, increases with the gas flow rate and has been found to be ± 20-cm wide or wider, and very fast. The spout height, as measured with video-optical and electrical methods, strongly fluctuates with time. Clear definitions have to be made of the quantities to be determined in the highly dynamic process. Long-time averages of the radial height profiles and momentary maximum height values are reported. It is confirmed that the nondimensional spout height, defined and measured in a certain manner, is independent of the Froude number and of the nondimensional nozzle diameter.

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Abbreviations

b :

width of Gaussian radial height profile of spout

d :

nozzle diameter

g :

gravity constant (9.807 m s−2)

h :

height of bath of liquid at rest (180 cm for vessel used in present work)

Δh :

elevation of spout over meniscus of liquid at rest, “height of spout”

Δh max :

maximum value of height of spout

Δh max(lt):

maximum height value of Gaussian long-time (about 60 min) average radial height profile

Δh max(2 s):

average of maximum height values measured during Δt = 2 s at center of vessel, correspondingly for Δt = 5 and 10 s

p a , p b :

pressure at surface and at bottom of liquid bath (p a is 0.942 bar in Clausthal)

r :

radial coordinate in cylindrical vessel

r max :

radial coordinate of maximum height value Δh max (lt) on Gaussian radial height profile

x, y :

Cartesian coordinates in horizontal plane of vessel (nozzle is at x = 0; y = 0)

t :

time

Q a , Q b :

volumetric gas flow rate at surface of liquid bath and at nozzle exit

ϱ 1 :

density of liquid

ϱ g,b :

density of gas at nozzle exit (bottom of vessel)

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Author notes

  1. Kimitoshi Yonezawa (Scientist, Manager)

    Present address: Institut fur Allgemeine Metallurgie, Technische Universitat Clausthal, Robert Koch Str. 42, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technical Administration and Planning Group, Nippon Steel Corporation, 6-3 Otemadri 2-chome, Chiyoda-lu, 100-8071, Tokyo, Japan

    Kimitoshi Yonezawa (Scientist, Manager)

  2. Institut fur Allgemeine Metallurgie, Technische Universitat Clausthal, Robert Koch Str. 42, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany

    Klaus Schwerdtfeger (Professor)

Authors
  1. Kimitoshi Yonezawa
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  2. Klaus Schwerdtfeger
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Yonezawa, K., Schwerdtfeger, K. Dynamics of the spout of gas plumes discharging from a melt: Experimental investigation with a large-scale water model. Metall Mater Trans B 31, 461–468 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-000-0152-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-000-0152-6

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