Abstract
Bulk amorphous alloys having dimensions of at least 1 cm in diameter have been prepared in the Pd-Ni-P, Pd-Cu-P, Pd-Cu-Ni-P, and Pd-Ni-Fe-P systems using a fluxing and water-quenching technique. The compositions for bulk glass formation have been determined in these systems. For these bulk metallic glasses, the difference between the crystallization temperature (T x) and the glass transition temperature (T g, ΔT=T x−T g) ranges from 60 to 110 K. These large values of ΔT open the possibility for the fabrication of amorphous near-net-shaped components using techniques such as injection molding. The thermal, elastic, and magnetic properties of these alloys have been studied, and we have found that bulk amorphous Pd40Ni22.5Fe17.5P20 has spin glass behavior for temperatures below 30 K.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Schwarz, A. Karma, K. Eckler, and D.M. Herlach: Phys. Rev. Lett., 1994, vol. 73, pp. 1380–83.
D.M. Herlach and R. Willnecker: in Rapidly Solidified Alloys-Processes, Structures, Properties, Applications, H.H. Liebermann, ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 1993, pp. 79–102.
J.H. Perepezko: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1984, vol. 65, pp. 125–35; 1994, vol. A178, pp. 105–11.
M.C. Flemings and Y. Shiohara: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1984, vol. 65, pp. 157–70.
M. Barth, B. Wei, and D.M. Herlach: Phys. Rev. B, 1995, vol. 51, pp. 3422–28.
D. Li, K. Eckler, and D.M. Herlach: Acta Metall., 1996, vol. 44, pp. 2437–43.
J.H. Perepezko and D.R. Allen: Mater. Res. Soc. Symp., 1996, vol. 398, pp. 3–14.
D. Turnbull and R.E. Cech: J. Appl. Phys., 1950, vol. 21, pp. 804–10.
D. Turnbull: J. Chem. Phys., 1952, vol. 20, pp. 411–24.
D.M. Herlach: Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1991, vol. 21, pp. 23–44.
R. Willnecker, D.M. Herlach, and B. Feuerbacher: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1986, vol. 49, pp. 1339–41.
D. Holland-Moritz, D.M. Herlach, and K. Urban: Phys. Rev. Lett., 1993, vol. 71, pp. 1196–99.
D.M. Herlach: Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 1996, vol. 398, pp. 15–26.
G. Devaud and D. Turnbull: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1985, vol. 46, pp. 844–45.
M. Baricco, E. Ferrari, and L. Battezzati: Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 1996, vol. 398, pp. 81–86.
G. Wilde, G.P. Görler, and R. Willnecker: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1996, vol. 68, pp. 2953–55; 1996, vol. 69, pp. 2995–97.
Y. Shao and F. Spaepen: J. Appl. Phys., 1996, vol. 79, pp. 2981–85.
D. Turnbull and J.C. Fisher: J. Chem. Phys., 1949, vol. 17, pp. 71–73.
D. Turnbull: Contemp. Phys., 1969, vol. 10, pp. 473–88.
F. Spaepen and D. Turnbull: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Rapidly Quenched Metals, N.J. Grant and B.C. Giessen, eds., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1976, pp. 205–27.
A. Inoue, A. Kato, T. Zhang, S.G. Kim, and T. Masumoto: Mater. Trans. JIM, 1991, vol. 32, pp. 609–16.
A. Inoue, T. Nakamura, N. Nishiyama, and T. Masumoto: Mater. Trans. JIM, 1992, vol. 33, pp. 937–45.
A. Inoue, T. Nakamura, T. Sugita, T. Zhang, and T. Masumoto: Mater. Trans. JIM, 1993, vol. 34, pp. 351–58.
A. Peker and W.L. Johnson: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1993, vol. 63, pp. 2342–44.
Y. He, C.E. Price, S.J. Poon, and G.J. Shiflet: Phil. Mag. Lett., 1994, vol. 70, pp. 371–77.
A. Inoue and T. Zhang: Mater. Trans. JIM, 1996, vol. 37, pp. 185–87.
X.H. Lin and W.L. Johnson: J. Appl. Phys., 1995, vol. 78, pp. 6514–19.
H.S. Chen: Acta Metall., 1974, vol. 22, pp. 1505–11.
A.J. Drehman, A.L. Greer, and D. Turnbull: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1982, vol. 41, pp. 716–17.
H.W. Kui, A.L. Greer, and D. Turnbull: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1984, vol. 45, pp. 615–16.
Y. He, R.B. Schwarz, and J.I. Archuleta: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1996, vol. 69, pp. 1861–63.
R.B. Schwarz and Y. He: Materials Science Forum, 1997, vols. 235-238, pp. 231–40.
Y. He and R.B. Schwarz: Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 1997, vol. 455, pp. 495–600.
M.J. O’Neil: Anal. Chem., 1966, vol. 38, pp. 1331–36.
A.L. Greer: Nature, 1993, vol. 366, pp. 303–04.
R.B. Schwarz and Y. He: Proc. 1st Int. Alloy Conference (IAC-1), Athens, Greece, June 16–21, 1996.
H.S. Chen: Acta Metall., 1974, vol. 22, pp. 897–900.
H.S. Chen: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1976, vol. 23, pp. 151–54.
F.R. de Boer, R. Boom, W.C.M. Mattens, A.R. Miedema, and A.K. Niessen: Cohesion in Metals, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1988.
M.H. Cohen and D. Turnbull: J. Chem. Phys., 1959, vol. 31, pp. 1164–69.
D. Tumbull and M.H. Cohen: J. Chem. Phys., 1961, vol. 34, pp. 120–25.
D. Turnbull and M.H. Cohen: J. Chem. Phys., 1970, vol. 52, pp. 3038–41.
M.H. Cohen and G.S. Grest: Phys. Rev. B, 1979, vol. 20, pp. 1077–98.
A. van den Beukel and J. Sietsma: Acta Metall. Mater., 1990, vol. 38, pp. 383–89.
H.S. Chen: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1976, vol. 23, pp. 151–54.
J. Jing, U. Gonser, and H.G. Wagner: Z. Metallkd., 1987, vol. 78, pp. 767–69.
T. Egami, W. Dmowski, Y. He, and R.B. Schwarz: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1998, vol. 29A, pp. 1805–09.
Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, T.B. Massalski, H. Okamoto, P.R. Subramanian, and L. Kacprzak, eds., ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1996.
P.E. Donovan, P.V. Evans, and A.L. Greer: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1986, vol. 5, pp. 951–52.
C.F. Lau and H.W. Kui: J. Appl. Phys., 1993, vol. 73, pp. 2599–2601.
A.J. Drehman and A.L. Greer: Acta Metall., 1984, vol. 32, pp. 323–32.
R. Willnecker, K. Wittmann, and G.P. Görler: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1993, vols. 156–158, pp. 450–54.
Y. He and R.B. Schwarz: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, unpublished research, 1996.
G. Wilde, G.P. Görler, R. Willnecker, and G. Dietz: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1994, vol. 65, pp. 397–99.
Y.J. Kim, R. Busch, W.L. Johnson, A.J. Rulison, and W.K. Rhim: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1994, vol. 65, pp. 2136–38.
A. Migliori, J.L. Sarrao, W.M. Visscher, T.M. Bell, M. Lei, Z. Fisk, and R.G. Leisure: Physica B, 1993, vol. 183, pp. 1–24.
V.-T. Kuokkala and R.B. Schwarz: Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1992, vol. 63, pp. 3136–42.
J.D. Maynard: J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1992, vol. 91, pp. 1754–62.
D.R. Nelson and F. Spaepen: in Solid State Physics, H. Ehrenreich and D. Turnbull, eds., Academic Press, New York, NY, 1989, vol. 42, pp. 1–90.
P.L. Maitrepierre: J. Appl. Phys., 1969, vol. 40, pp. 4826–34.
A. Inoue, T. Zhang, and T. Masumoto: Mater. Trans. JIM, 1990, vol. 31, pp. 425–28.
D. Turnbull: Metall. Trans., A, 1981, vol. 12A, pp. 695–708.
J.B. Rubin and R.B. Schwarz: Phys. Rev. B, 1994, vol. 50, pp. 795–804.
T. Egami and Y. Waseda: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1984, vol. 64, pp. 113–34.
H.G. Jiang and J. Baram: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1996, vol. A208, pp. 232–38.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This article is based on a presentation made in the “Structure and Properties of Bulk Amorphous Alloys” Symposium as part of the 1997 Annual Meeting of TMS at Orlando, Florida, February 10–11, 1997, under the auspices of the TMS-EMPMD/SMD Alloy Phases and MDMD Solidification Committees, the ASM-MSD Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria, and Atomic Transport Committees, and sponsorship by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
He, Y., Shen, T. & Schwarz, R.B. Bulk amorphous metallic alloys: Synthesis by fluxing techniques and properties. Metall Mater Trans A 29, 1795–1804 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-998-0002-8
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-998-0002-8