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Kinetics of FCC to HCP Transformation During Aging Heat Treatment of Co–28Cr–6Mo Alloy Fabricated by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion

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Abstract

Co-based alloys have been used as biomedical materials in the cast or wrought form for more than fifty years. Since then, studies have been performed to better understand the high mechanical strength and wear resistance of these alloys. Recently, additive manufacturing techniques, such as laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF), are being employed to produce metallic implants directly from metal precursor powder. To achieve a balance between strength and ductility of L-PBF Co-based alloys, a manipulation of phase constituents through heat treatments is essential. In the present work, an in situ analysis of the γ-FCC → ε-HCP phase transformation occurring during aging heat treatment of the Co–28Cr–6Mo alloy produced by L-PBF was performed. For this, time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction was employed. Our results revealed that a solution heat treatment before aging changes the kinetics of the γ-FCC → ε-HCP phase transformation as well as the ε-HCP phase morphology.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the experimental support of F.E. Montoro, Dr. O.R. Ospina and Dr. V. Mogili at the Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory. The authors are grateful for the support provided by L. Wu during the synchrotron experiments (project Nr. 20180228) at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, part of the Brazilian Centre for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), a private non-profit organization under the supervision of the Brazilian Ministry for Science, Technology, and Innovations (MCTI). L. Novotný acknowledges the financial support provided by Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Alto Adige—Ripartizione Innovazione, Ricerca, Università e Musei—projects HI-TECH MANUFACTURING (CUP codex I59C20000040003) and PREDICT (CUP codex I53C22002100003). This research used facilities of the Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), part of the CNPEM, projects Nr.: SEM-C1-27387 and TEMM-C1-27373. A portion of the microstructural characterization was performed at the Central Analítica UFC/CT-INFRA-FINEP/Pro-Equipamentos-CAPES/CNPq-SisNano-MCTI 2019 (Grant 442577/2019-2)-INCT-FUNCAP. Authors acknowledge financial support by CRC 2021 project “Integrating Physics-Based and Data-Driven Modelling for Efficient Process Parameters, Material Design and Optimisation in Additive Manufacturing for Industry 4.0”. This work was partially financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brazil, Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Mendeleyev, 200, Campinas, SP, 13083-860, Brazil

    L. H. M. Antunes & P. F. da Silva Farina

  2. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte, Fortaleza, CE, 60445-554, Brazil

    M. Béreš & H. F. G. de Abreu

  3. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Paseo Colón 850, C1063, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    J. J. Hoyos

  4. Departamento de Materiales Metálicos y Nanoestructurados, CAB, CNEA, CONICET, Av. Bustillo 9500, San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina

    J. J. Hoyos

  5. Faculty of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Dominikanerplatz/Piazza Domenicani 3, 39100, Bozen-Bolzano, BZ, Italy

    L. Novotný

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Antunes, L.H.M., Béreš, M., Hoyos, J.J. et al. Kinetics of FCC to HCP Transformation During Aging Heat Treatment of Co–28Cr–6Mo Alloy Fabricated by Laser-Powder Bed Fusion. Metall Mater Trans A 54, 2329–2339 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-023-07016-w

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