Abstract
The effects of deformation conditions on typical textures and the relationship between microstructural features and typical textures in a non-oriented electrical steel during electrically assisted forming were investigated. Specimens processed by electrically assisted tensile forming were measured with electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD). Results show that Joule heat reduces cube, Goss texture, and θ-fiber but enhances rotated cube texture and γ-fiber. A stronger cooling rate brings a remarkable decrease of cube texture and γ-fiber and an increase of rotated cube and θ-fiber. It is concluded that electric current itself enhances cube texture and Goss texture. The variations of grain size and number fraction of rotated cube and Goss grains contribute to the volume fraction variations of rotated cube and Goss texture. The increases of the sum of Σ3 and Σ9 grain boundaries, grain boundary curvature, and microstructural defects in Goss grains are responsible for the enhancement of Goss texture.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F.J.G. Landgraf, T. Yonamine, M. Emura, and M.A. Cunha: J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2003, vol. 254–255, pp. 328–30.
H.G. Kang, K.M. Lee, M.Y. Huh, J.S. Kim, J.T. Park, and O. Engler: J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2011, vol. 323, pp. 2248–53.
L. Kestens, S. Jacobs: Texture Stress Microstruct., 2008, p. 173083.
A.-H. Chen, H.-R. Guo, H.-L. Li, and T. Emi: J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 2014, vol. 21, pp. 269–74.
M.H. Han, S. Lee, N.J. Kim, K.J. Lee, T. Chung, and G. Byun: Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 1999, vol. 264, pp. 47–59.
Y.-B. Jiang, L. Guan, G.-Y. Tang, B. Cheng, and D.-B. Liu: Int. J. Min. Met. Mater., 2015, vol. 22, pp. 411–6.
X. Li, G. Tang, J. Kuang, X. Li, and J. Zhu: Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2014, vol. 612, pp. 406–13.
W. Li, Y. Shen, and C. Xie: Mater. Sci. Tech.-Lond., 2015, vol. 31, pp. 1577–82.
M.-J. Kim, K. Lee, K.H. Oh, I.-S. Choi, H.-H. Yu, S.-T. Hong, and H.N. Han: Scr. Mater., 2014, vol. 75, pp. 58–61.
W. Zeng, Y. Shen, N. Zhang, X. Huang, J. Wang, G. Tang, and A. Shan: Scr. Mater., 2012, vol. 66, pp. 147–50.
W.A. Salandro, J.J. Jones, C. Bunget, L. Mears, and J.T. Roth: Electrically Assisted Forming, Springer, Switzerland, 2015, pp. 249–51.
J. Salinas-Beltrán, A. Salinas-Rodríguez, E. Gutiérrez-Castañeda, and R. Deaquino Lara: J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2016, vol. 406, pp. 159–65.
A. Sonboli, M.R. Toroghinejad, H. Edris, and J.A. Szpunar: J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2015, vol. 385, pp. 331–8.
C. Gu, P. Yang, and W. Mao: Acta Metall. Sin.-Engl., 2019, vol. 55, pp. 181–90.
Y.B. Xu, Y.X. Zhang, Y. Wang, C.G. Li, G.M. Cao, Z.Y. Liu, and G.D. Wang: Scr. Mater., 2014, vol. 87, pp. 17–20.
F. Fang, Y.X. Zhang, X. Lu, Y. Wang, M.F. Lan, G. Yuan, and G.D. Wang: Scr. Mater., 2018, vol. 147, pp. 33–6.
T. Nguyen-Minh, J.J. Sidor, R.H. Petrov, and L.A.I. Kestens: Scr. Mater., 2012, vol. 67, pp. 935–8.
Y. Onuki, R. Hongo, K. Okayasu, and H. Fukutomi: Acta Mater., 2013, vol. 61, pp. 1294–302.
M. Mehdi, Y. He, E.J. Hilinski, L.A.I. Kestens, A. Edrisy: Steel Res. Int., 2019, p. 1800582.
K. Ushioda and W.B. Hutchinson: ISIJ Int., 1989, vol. 29, pp. 862–7.
C.W. Chen: Magnetism and Metallurgy of Soft Magnetic Materials, 1st ed. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1977, pp. 64–5.
Y. Oda, M. Kohno, and A. Honda: J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2008, vol. 320, pp. 2430–5.
K. Honma, T. Nozawa, H. Kobayashi, Y. Shimoyama, I. Tachino, and K. Miyoshi: IEEE T. Magn., 1985, vol. 21, pp. 1903–8.
M. Mehdi, Y. He, E.J. Hilinski, and A. Edrisy: J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2017, vol. 429, pp. 148–60.
S. Diligent, E. Gautier, X. Lemoine, and M. Berveiller: Acta Mater., 2001, vol. 49, pp. 4079–88.
S. Birosca, A. Nadoum, D. Hawezy, F. Robinson, and W. Kockelmann: Acta Mater., 2020, vol. 185, pp. 370–81.
Y. Ushigami, M. Mizokami, M. Fujikura, T. Kubota, H. Fujii, and K. Murakami: J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2003, vol. 254, pp. 307–14.
M. Yabumoto, S. Arai, R. Kawamata, M. Mizokami, and T. Kubota: J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 1997, vol. 6, pp. 713–21.
S. Shahandeh and M. Militzer: Philos. Mag., 2013, vol. 93, pp. 3231–47.
T. Yonamine and F.J.G. Landgraf: J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2004, vol. 272–276, pp. e565–6.
Y. Hayakawa and M. Kurosawa: Acta Mater., 2002, vol. 50, pp. 4527–34.
H.-K. Park, S.-D. Kim, S.-C. Park, J.-T. Park, and N.-M. Hwang: Scr. Mater., 2010, vol. 62, pp. 376–8.
G. Hu, G. Tang, Y. Zhu, and C. Shek: Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 2011, vol. 42A, pp. 3484–90.
G. Hu, Y. Zhu, C. Shek, and G. Tang: J. Mater. Res., 2011, vol. 26, pp. 917–22.
T.J. Grimm and L. Mears: J. Manuf. Process., 2020, vol. 56, pp. 1263–9.
C.D. Ross, D.B. Irvin, and J.T. Roth: J. Eng. Mater.-Trans. ASME., 2007, vol. 129, pp. 342–7.
F. Bachmann, R. Hielscher, P.E. Jupp, W. Pantleon, H. Schaeben, and E. Wegert: J. Appl. Cryst., 2010, vol. 43, pp. 1338–55.
F. Bachmann, R. Hielscher, and H. Schaeben: Ultramicroscopy., 2011, vol. 111, pp. 1720–33.
G. Nolzea and R. Hielscher: J. Appl. Cryst., 2016, vol. 49, pp. 1786–802.
R. Hielscher, C.B. Silbermann, E. Schmidl, and J. Ihlemann: J. Appl. Cryst., 2019, vol. 52, pp. 984–96.
Y.-W. Chen, Y.-T. Tsai, P.-Y. Tung, T. Shao-Pu, C. Chih-Yuan, W. Shing-Hao, and Y. Jer-Ren: Mater. Charact., 2018, vol. 139, pp. 49–58.
M. Hölscher, D. Raabe, and K. Lücke: Steel Res., 1991, vol. 62, pp. 567–75.
J.E. Burke and D. Turnbull: Prog. Met. Phys., 1952, vol. 3, pp. 220–92.
J. Harase, R. Shimizu, and D.J. Dingley: Acta Metall., 1991, vol. 39, pp. 763–70.
B. Zhao, G. Gottstein, and L.S. Shvindlerman: Acta Mater., 2011, vol. 59, pp. 3510–8.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Manuscript submitted August 18, 2021; accepted October 8, 2021.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ye, B., Li, L. The Effects of Deformation Conditions and Microstructural Features on Typical Textures of a Non-oriented Electrical Steel in Electrically Assisted Forming. Metall Mater Trans A 53, 63–73 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06490-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06490-4