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Microstructural Characterization of the Simulated Heat-Affected Zone of 9 Pct Ni Steel

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Abstract

The present work characterized the 9 pct Ni steel heat-affected zone (HAZ). HAZ thermal cycles (peak temperatures—Tp—of 500 °C, 600 °C, 650 °C, 700 °C, 750 °C, 850 °C, 1100 °C, and 1370 °C) were numerically (FEM model) and physically (Gleeble machine) simulated. The simulated HAZ was evaluated through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dilatometry, and Vickers hardness. Tp ≤ 650 °C had microstructure similar to base metal; Tp of 700 °C yielded the partial transformation (Ac1 < Tp < Ac3) and presence of ferrite and martensite; Tp > 750 °C yielded martensite (majority) with maximum hardness (344 HV10) for Tp = 850 °C. The amount of austenite was maximum (3.1 pct) to Tp = 700 °C and decreased to Tp ≥ 750 °C, becoming approximately zero for Tp ≥ 1100 °C. Besides, the austenite quantification methodology (electrolytic polished and 4 pct Picral etching + SEM image analysis) was validated through XRD measurement and used to analyze the roundness and number of austenite particle size of the BM and HAZ subzones. Its roundness and amount remained are close to the BM for Tp ≤ 650 °C, increase in the Tp = 700 °C, and decrease for Tp ≥ 750 °C.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Vallourec Soluções Tubulares do Brasil S. A. (Vallourec) for their donation of the 9 pct Ni steel pipe and the Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) and the National Institute of Technology (INT) for the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses, respectively.

Author Contributions

MCGR: conceptualization, methodology, validation, investigation, and writing—original draft. JCPF: methodology, investigation, writing—review and editing, and supervision. FWCF: conceptualization, methodology, validation, investigation, writing—original draft. VHPMO: conceptualization, software, methodology, and validation. AVP: conceptualization, methodology, and investigation.

Funding

This work was funded by Shell Brasil Petróleo Ltda. (Shell Brasil), formerly British Gas (BG Group), and Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa e Inovação Industrial (Embrapii), Grants (TO821) and PCCOP1512.0004, respectively, and was supported by the Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Program of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-972, Brazil

    Mara Cardoso Gonçalves Rios, João da Cruz Payão Filho, Francisco Werley Cipriano Farias, Victor Hugo Pereira Moraes e Oliveira & Augusto Veríssimo Passos

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  1. Mara Cardoso Gonçalves Rios
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  2. João da Cruz Payão Filho
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Correspondence to Mara Cardoso Gonçalves Rios.

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Manuscript submitted January 14, 2021, accepted August 21, 2021.

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Rios, M.C.G., Payão Filho, J.C., Farias, F.W.C. et al. Microstructural Characterization of the Simulated Heat-Affected Zone of 9 Pct Ni Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 52, 5016–5031 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06446-8

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