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A Mechanism for Carbon Depletion at Bondline of High-Frequency Electric-Resistance-Welded X70 Pipeline Steel

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Abstract

The bondline of electric-resistance-welded (ERW) linepipe steel, often etched white (i.e., ferrite) in optical microscopy, is generally believed to be carbon depleted. The mechanism for the carbon depletion, however, is not fully understood by researchers. To this end, atom probe tomography (APT) was used to measure elemental segregation of the as-welded and post-weld heat-treated bondline regions of X70 linepipe welds. The thin vertical features at the bondline in the as-welded condition were identified as carbon-rich martensite-austenite (M-A) constituents, and the majority ferrite phase in the bondline was identified as carbon-depleted ferrite. Following the post-weld normalization, all alloying elements, except Nb and Mo, are homogenized across the bondline and heat-affected zone. The carbon depletion in the ERW bondline was accurately measured. A new mechanism for carbon depletion has been proposed using Scheil calculations of elemental partitioning during weld formation. Segregation of elements in the heat-affected zone was shown to follow the negligible partitioning local equilibrium (NPLE) kinetics for bainite transformation.

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Acknowledgments

APT and TEM was conducted at ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a US DOE Office of Science User Facility. The authors would like to thank James Burns for assistance in performing APT sample preparation and running the APT experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Canada

    Nitin Kumar Sharma, Rangasayee Kannan & Leijun Li

  2. EVRAZ North America, Regina, S4P 3C7, Canada

    Neil Anderson, Muhammad Rashid & Laurie Collins

  3. Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA

    Jonathan D. Poplawsky & Raymond Unocic

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  1. Nitin Kumar Sharma
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  2. Rangasayee Kannan
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  3. Leijun Li
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  4. Neil Anderson
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  5. Muhammad Rashid
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  6. Laurie Collins
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  7. Jonathan D. Poplawsky
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  8. Raymond Unocic
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Correspondence to Leijun Li.

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Manuscript submitted December 20, 2020; accepted May 21, 2021.

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Sharma, N.K., Kannan, R., Li, L. et al. A Mechanism for Carbon Depletion at Bondline of High-Frequency Electric-Resistance-Welded X70 Pipeline Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 52, 3788–3798 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06339-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06339-w

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