Abstract
Recently, the growth kinetics of the intermetallic compound (IMC) Ni3Sn4 related to Ni metallization has been investigated in comparison to Cu6Sn5 growth on Cu metallization. In the literature, Ni3Sn4 growth in liquid Sn was analyzed for IMC morphology, grain coarsening, grain boundary (GB) grooving, and GB diffusion. However, the growth kinetics of Ni3Sn4 on electroless (EL) Ni-P metallization has rarely been investigated. In this study, the morphological change of Ni3Sn4 on EL Ni-P and its effects on growth kinetics were analyzed in detail during a reaction with Sn-3.5Ag at 250 °C for up to 30 minutes and compared with electroplated (EP) Ni. For both cases, the IMC growth kinetics was presumed to be governed by fast GB diffusion accompanied with grain coarsening. The morphology of Ni3Sn4 on EP Ni changed little throughout the reaction. Therefore, a 1/3 power-law could be applicable. However, the aspect ratio (thickness/diameter) of the Ni3Sn4 grains on EL Ni-P decreased with the increasing reaction time, which resulted in a larger time exponent of 4.2. The morphological change from needle to chunk induced a high rate of grain coarsening. Consequently, the IMC growth rate declined according to the reduction of fast diffusion paths (GB area).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. K. Kang and A. K. Sarkhel: J. Electron. Mater., 1994, vol. 23, pp. 701-07.
D. Ma, W. D. Wang and S. K. Lahiri: J. Appl. Phys., 2002, vol. 91, pp. 3312-17.
K. S. Kim, S. H. Huh and K. Suganuma: J. Alloys Compd., 2003, vol. 352, pp. 226-36.
S. Bader, W. Gust and H. Hieber: Acta mater., 1995, vol. 43, pp. 329-37.
H. K. Kim and K. N. Tu: Phys. Rev. B, 1996, vol. 53, pp. 16027.
A. M. Gusak and K. N. Tu: Phys. Rev. B, 2002, vol. 66, pp. 115403.
D. Gur and M. Bamberger: Acta mater., 1998, vol. 46, pp. 4917-23.
M. Schaefer, R. A. Fournelle and J. Liang: J. Electron. Mater., 1998, vol. 27, pp. 1167-76.
H. Ji, Y. Qiao and M. Li: Scripta Mater., 2016, vol. 110, pp. 19-23.
B. Liu, Y. Tian, C. Wang, R. An and Y. Liu: J. Alloys Compd., 2016. vol. 687, pp. 667-73.
Y. Tian, R. Zhang, C. Hang, L. Niu and C. Wang: Mater. Charact., 2014. vol. 88, pp. 58-68.
C. Hang, Y. Tian, R. Zhang and D. Yang: J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., 2013. vol. 24, pp. 3905-13.
G. Ghosh: Acta mater., 2000, vol. 48, pp. 3719-38.
G. Ghosh: J. Appl. Phys., 2000, vol. 88, pp. 6887-96.
R. Labie, W. Ruythooren and J. V. Humbeeck: Intermetallics, 2007, vol.15, pp. 396-403.
M. O. Alam and Y. C. Chan: J. Appl. Phys., 2005, vol. 98, pp. 123527.
H. S. Kim, H. J. Lee, Y. S. Yu and Y. S. Won: Acta Mater., 2009, vol. 57, pp. 1254-62.
Y. Wang, J. Huang, Z. Ye, X. Peng, J. Yang, S. Chen and X. Zhao: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2019, vol. 50, pp. 3038-43.
A. Lis, C. Kenel and C. Leinenbach: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2016, vol. 47, pp. 2596-2608.
J. Shen, Y. C. Chan and S. Y. Liu: Acta Mater., 2009, vol. 57, pp. 5196-06.
J. Görlich, D. Baither and G. Schmitz: Acta Mater., 2010, vol. 58, pp. 3187-97.
A. Nakane, T. Suzuki, M. Ohm and M. Kajihara: Mater. Trans., 2016, vol. 57, pp. 838-45.
K. Chen, C. Liu, D. C. Whalley, D. A. Hutt, J. F. Li and S. H. Mannan: Acta Mater., 2008, vol. 56, pp. 5668-76
H. B. Kang, J. H. Bae, J. W. Yoon, S. B. Jung, J. W. Park and C. W. Yang, Scripta Mater., 2010, vol. 63, pp. 1108-11.
C. K. Chung, Y. J. Chen, W. M. Chen and C. R. Kao: Acta Mater., 2012, vol. 60, pp. 4586-93.
J. W. Yoon, J. H. Bang, C. W. Lee and S. B. Jung: J. Alloys Compd., 2015, vol. 627, pp. 276-80.
W. Z. Hsieh, M. A. Rahman, T. H. Yang, T. T. Kuo and C. E. Ho: Surf. Coat. Tech., 2016, vol. 303, pp. 112-18.
J. W. Jang, P. G. Kim, K. N. Tu, D. R. Frear and P. Thompson: J. Appl. Phys., 1999, vol. 85, pp. 8456-63.
S. P. Peng, W. H. Wu, C. E. Ho and Y. M. Huang: J Alloys Compd., 2010, vol. 493, pp. 431-37.
J. W. Yoon and S. B. Jung: J Alloys Compd., 2004, vol. 376, pp. 105-10.
J. W. Yoon, C. B. Lee and S. B. Jung: Mater. Trans., 2002, vol. 43, pp. 1821-26.
H. Y. Chen and C. Chen: J. Mater. Res., 2012, vol. 27, pp. 1169-77.
S. H. Park and D. N. Lee: J. Mater. Sci., 1998, vol. 23, pp. 1643-54.
K. H. Hur, J. H. Jeong and D. N. Lee: J. Mater. Sci., 1990, vol. 25, pp. 2573-84.
Y. C. Sohn, J. Yu, S. K. Kang, D. Y. Shih and T. Y. Lee: J. Mater. Res., 2004, vol. 19, pp. 2428-36.
K. C. Hung, Y. C. Chan, C. W. Tang and H. C. Ong: J. Mater. Res., 2000, vol. 15, pp. 2534-39.
K. C. Hung and Y. C. Chan: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 2000, vol. 19, pp. 1755-57.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Manuscript submitted November 26, 2019.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sohn, Y. Effect of Morphological Change of Ni3Sn4 Intermetallic Compounds on the Growth Kinetics in Electroless Ni-P/Sn-3.5Ag Solder Joint. Metall Mater Trans A 51, 2905–2914 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05739-8
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05739-8