Skip to main content
Log in

Microstructural Evaluation and Property Change of 5 Wt Pct Al-Zn Coating on Press Hardening Steel During Austenitization

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Microstructural evolution of a 5 wt pct Al-Zn coating on press hardening steel was studied in comparison to hot-dip galvanized (GI) and galvannealed (GA) coatings. The results show that the presence of 5 wt pct Al effectively suppresses oxidation during austenitization; meanwhile, the presence of Fe resulting from galvannealing accelerates oxidation. Alloying with Al or Fe in the coating prior to austenitization reduces the susceptibility to liquid metal embrittlement (LME). The presence of Al in the as-coated Zn coating enhances the corrosion resistance in HCl solution and reduces the cathodic kinetics in NaCl solution. However, for sacrificial protection, the austenitized GI steel outperforms the other austenitized-coated steels. Nevertheless, the 5 wt pct Al-Zn coating exhibits better overall performance including high-temperature oxidation resistance, less LME susceptibility, and cathodic protection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

Reference

  1. R. Kuziak, R. Kawalla, and S. Waengler: Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng., 2008, vol. 8, pp. 103-17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. O. Bouaziz, H. Zurob, and M. Huang: Steel Res. Int., 2013, vol. 84, pp. 937-47.

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. Galan Lopez, L. Samek, P. Verleysen, K. Verbeken, and Y. Houbaert: Rev. Metall., 2012, vol. 48, pp. 118-31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. O. Kwon, K.Y. Lee, G.S. Kim, and K.G. Chin: Mater. Sci. Forum., 2010, vol. 638, pp. 136-41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. N. Abedrabbo, R. Mayer, A. Thompson, C. Salisbury, M. Worswick, and I. Van Riemsdijk: Int. J. Impact Eng., 2009, vol. 36, pp. 1044-57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. W. Gan, S. Babu, N. Kapustka, and R.H. Wagoner: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2006, vol. 37, 3221-31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Lin, F. Li, J. Min, J. Jin, H. Gu, Y. Liu, W. Zhang, H. Zhan, Y. Ji, and L. Li: Advanced High Strength Steel and Press Hardening. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf., Changsha, China, 2016, pp. 3–7.

  8. M. Geiger, M. Merklein, and C. Hoff: Adv. Mater. Res., 2005, vol. 6-8, pp. 795-804.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. J.F. Tu, Y.T. Pan, C.Y. Huang, and S. H. Hsieh: China Steel Technical Report, 2009, vol. 22, pp.7-12.

    Google Scholar 

  10. L. GarciaAranda, Y. Chastel, J. FernándezPascual, and T. Dal Negro: Adv. Technol. Plast. 2002, vol. 2 (2002) 1135-40.

    Google Scholar 

  11. G. Berglund: First International Conference on Hot Sheet Metal Forming of High Performance Steel, Kassel, Germany (2008), pp, 175–77.

  12. D.W. Fan, H.S. Kim, and B.C. De Cooman: Steel Res. Int., 2009, vol. 80, pp. 241-48.

    Google Scholar 

  13. H. Karbasian, and A.E. Tekkaya: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2010, vol. 210, pp. 2103-18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. D.W. Fan, and B.C. De Cooman: Steel Res. Int., 2012, vol. 83,pp. 412-33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. E. Almeida: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2001, vol. 40, pp. 3-14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. E. Almeida: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2001, vol. 40, pp. 15-20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. L. Dosdat, J. Petitjean, T. Vietoris, and O. Clauzeau: Steel Res. Int. 2011, vol. 82, pp. 726-33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. D.W. Fan, and B.C. De Cooman: ISIJ Int., 2010, vol. 50, pp. 1713-18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Windmann, A. Röttger, and W. Theisen: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, vol. 246, pp. 17-25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. C. Allély, L. Dosdat, O. Clauzeau, K. Ogle, and P. Volovitch: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, vol. 238, pp. 188-96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. K. Uda, A. Azushima, A. Yanagida: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2016, vol. 228, pp. 112-16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Z. X. Gui, W. K. Liang, Y. Liu, and Y. S. Zhang: Mater. Des., 2014, vol. 60, pp. 26-33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Mackowiak, and N. Short: Int. Met. Rev., 1979, vol. 24, pp. 1-19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Marder: Prog. Mater. Sci., 2000, vol. 45, pp. 191-271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. R. Autengruber, G. Luckeneder, S. Kolnberger, J. Faderl, and A.W. Hassel: Steel Res. Int., 2012, vol. 83, pp. 1005-11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. R. Autengruber, G. Luckeneder, and A.W. Hassel: Corros. Sci., 2012, vol. 63, pp. 12-19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. C.W. Lee, W.S. Choi, Y.R. Cho, and B.C. De Cooman: ISIJ Int., 2014, vol. 54, 2364-68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. O.L. Ighodaro, E. Biro, and Y.N. Zhou: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2016, vol. 236, pp. 64-72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. C.W. Ji, I. Jo, H. Lee, I.D. Choi, Y. da Kim, Y.D. Park: J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 2015, vol. 28, pp. 4761-69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. C.W. Lee, D.W. Fan, I.R. Sohn, S.J. Lee, B.C. De Cooman: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2012, vol. 43, pp. 5122-27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. C.W. Lee, W.S. Choi, L. Cho, Y.R. Cho, B.C. De Cooman: ISIJ Int., 2015, vol. 55, pp.264-71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. L. Cho, H. Kang, C. Lee, and B.C. De Cooman: Scr. Mater., 2014, vol. 90-91, pp. 25-28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. H. Kang, L. Cho, C. Lee, and B. C. De Cooman: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2016, vol. 47, pp. 2885-2905.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. J. Selverian, M. Notis, and A. Marder: J. Mater. Eng., 1987, vol. 9, pp. 133-40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Y.H. Leng, Y.L. Feng, and M. Song: Adv. Mater. Res., 2012, vol. 415, pp. 276-280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. H. Fujsawa, R. Kaneko, and H. Ishikawa: JFE Technical Report, 2009, vol. 14, pp. 41-45.

    Google Scholar 

  37. S.F. Radtke, and D.C. Herrschaft: J. Less-Common Met., 1982, vol. 93, pp. 253-59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. F. Rosalbino, E. Angelini, D. Maccio, A. Saccone, and S. Delfino: Electrochim. Acta, 2007, vol. 52, pp. 7107-14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. B. Zhou, F. Jin, Q. Luo, Q. Li, and K.C. Chou: Adv. Mater. Res., 2011, vol. 399-401, pp. 1998-2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. C.W. Lee, and B.C. De Cooman: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2014, vol. 45, 4499-4509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. C.W. Lee, W.S. Choi, Y.R. Cho, and B.C. De Cooman: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, vol. 281, pp. 35-43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. ASTM Divya: Standard Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials, ASTM International, Philadelphia, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  43. ASTM Divya: Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, ASTM International, Philadelphia, USA, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  44. ICDD 2002 Database, International Centre for Diffraction Data, Newtown Square, PA, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  45. J.K. Chang, C.S. Lin: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2017, vol. 48, 3734-44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. M. Żelechower, J. Kliś, E. Augustyn, J. Grzonka, D. Stróż, T. Rzychoń, and H. Woźnica: Arch. Metall. Mater., 2012, vol. 57, pp. 517-23.

    Google Scholar 

  47. S. Shibli, B. Meena, and R. Remya: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, vol. 262, pp. 210-15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. W. D. Callister, and D. G. Rethwisch: Materials Science and Engineering, 9th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Asia, 2015, pp.19-55.

    Google Scholar 

  49. J. Kondratiuk, P. Kuhn, E. Labrenz, and C. Bischoff: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2011, vol. 205, pp. 4141-53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. T. Mörtlbauer, S. Kolnberger, and J. Faderl: Galvatech’15 Proceedings, Toronto, Canada, 2015, pp. 861–67.

  51. X. Hu, and T. Watanabe: Nano plating-microstructure formation theory of plated films and a database of plated films, 1st ed., Oxford: Elsevier, 2004, pp. 577-588.

    Google Scholar 

  52. R. Bensalem, O. Guergueb, S. Alleg, A. Younes, S. Souilah, M. Bououdina, and J. Suñol: Proc. Int. Conf. Nanomater.: Appl. Prop., 2013, vol. 2, pp. 02PCN12-01–02PCN12-04.

  53. V. Janik, Y. Lan, P. Beentjes, D. Norman, G. Hensen, and S. Sridhar: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2015, vol. 47, pp. 400-411.

    Google Scholar 

  54. M. Tumuluru: Weld. J., 2007, vol. 86, pp. 161-69.

    Google Scholar 

  55. H. Lee, D. Hiam: Corros. 1989, vol. 45, pp. 852-56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. X. Zhang, and I. Bravo: Corros., 1994, vol. 50, pp. 308-17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. M. Nicholas, and C. Old: J. Mater. Sci., 1979, vol. 14, pp. 1-18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. P. Fernandes, and D. Jones: Int. Mter. Rev., 1997, vol. 42, pp. 251-61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. E. Tada, and Y. Miura: ISIJ Int., 2016, vol. 56, pp. 444-51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. T.H. Shen, C.Y. Tsai, C.S. Lin: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016, vol. 306, pp. 455-61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. W. Chen, Q. Liu, Q. Liu, L. Zhu, and L. Wang: J. Alloy Compd., 2008, vol. 459, pp. 261-66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. M.M. Sadawy: Am. J. Mater. Res., 2014, vol. 4, 53-58.

    Google Scholar 

  63. J. Masalski, J. Gluszek, J. Zabrzeski, K. Nitsch, and P. Gluszek: Thin Solid Films, 1999, vol. 349, pp. 186-90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. M. Budinski, B. Wilde: Corros., 1987, vol. 43, pp. 60-62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. A.S. Khanna: Introduction to High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion, ASM International, Materials Park, 2002, pp. 80–81, 109–34.

  66. D.R. Gaskel: Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2008, pp. 305-586.

    Google Scholar 

  67. B. C. De Cooman, W. Jung, K. R. Jo, D. H. Sulistiyo, L. Cho: Galvatech 2017 Conf., Tokyo, Japan, 2017, pp. 790–95.

  68. K. L. Lin, C. F. Yang and J. T. Lee: Corros. 1991, vol. 47, pp. 9-17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. K. L. Lin, C. F. Yang and J. T. Lee: Corros. 1991, vol. 47, pp. 17-23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. C. J. Boxley, J. J. Watkins, and H. S. White: Solid-State Lett., 2003, vol. 6, pp. B38-B41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. A. M. Lazar, W. P. Yespica, S. Marcelin, N. Pébère, D. Samélor, C. Tendero, and C. Vahlas: Corros. Sci., 2014, vol. 81, pp. 125-131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, and China Steel Corporation, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, for their financial supports under Grant MOST 104-2622-8-006-001.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chao-Sung Lin.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted September 27, 2017.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chang, JK., Lin, CS., Wang, WR. et al. Microstructural Evaluation and Property Change of 5 Wt Pct Al-Zn Coating on Press Hardening Steel During Austenitization. Metall Mater Trans A 49, 3715–3728 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4694-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4694-0

Navigation