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Effect of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Parameters on Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking of Type 321 Stainless Steel

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Abstract

The susceptibility of AISI type 321 stainless steel welded by the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process to hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) was studied in a tensile test combined with in situ cathodic charging. Specimen charging causes a decrease in ductility of both the as-received and welded specimens. The mechanical properties of welds depend on welding parameters. For example, the ultimate tensile strength and ductility increase with growing shielding gas (argon) rate. More severe decrease in the ductility was obtained after post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). In welded steels, in addition to discontinuous grain boundary carbides (M23C6) and dense distribution of metal carbides MC ((Ti, Nb)C) precipitated in the matrix, the appearance of delta-ferrite phase was observed. The fracture of sensitized specimens was predominantly intergranular, whereas the as-welded specimens exhibited mainly transgranular regions. High-dislocation density regions and stacking faults were found in delta-ferrite formed after welding. Besides, thin stacking fault plates and epsilon-martensite were found in the austenitic matrix after the cathodic charging.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. S. Remennik, H. Didi, and A. Jarashneli (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev) for kind assistance in TEM, SEM, and XRD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hydrogen Energy Batteries, Ltd., POB 195, 84965, Omer, Israel

    Paul Rozenak (Director, Researcher)

  2. Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Paul Rozenak (Director, Researcher), Yaakov Unigovski (Research Professor) & Roni Shneck (Professor)

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  1. Paul Rozenak
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  2. Yaakov Unigovski
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Correspondence to Yaakov Unigovski.

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Manuscript submitted March 29, 2014.

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Rozenak, P., Unigovski, Y. & Shneck, R. Effect of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Parameters on Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking of Type 321 Stainless Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 47, 2010–2023 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3347-4

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