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Precipitation and Phase Transformations in 2101 Lean Duplex Stainless Steel During Isothermal Aging

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Abstract

The effect of isothermal aging at 963 K (690 °C) on the microstructure of a 2101 lean duplex stainless steel, with the composition Fe-21.5Cr-5Mn-1.6Ni-0.22N-0.3Mo, was investigated using a multi-technique and multi-scale approach. The kinetics of phase transformation and precipitation was followed from a few minutes to thousands of hours using thermoelectric power measurements; based on these results, certain aging states were selected for electron microscopy characterization. Scanning electron microscopy, electron back-scattered diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were used to quantitatively describe the microstructural evolution through crystallographic analysis, chemical analysis, and volume fraction measurements from the macroscopic scale down to the nanometric scale. During aging, the precipitation of M23C6 carbides, Cr2N nitrides, and σ phase as well as the transformation of ferrite into austenite and austenite into martensite was observed. These complex microstructural changes are controlled by Cr volume diffusion. The precipitation and phase transformation mechanisms are described.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the CLYM (Centre Lyonnais de Microscopie http://www.clym.fr) for access to the JEOL 2010F microscope. The author would also like to express his gratitude to Professor C. Esnouf and Professor C. Hutchinson for their fruitful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, 69621, Villeurbanne, France

    Jean-Yves Maetz (Postdoctoral Fellow), Sophie Cazottes (Assistant Professor), Catherine Verdu (Professors) & Xavier Kleber (Professors)

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  1. Jean-Yves Maetz
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  2. Sophie Cazottes
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  3. Catherine Verdu
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  4. Xavier Kleber
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Correspondence to Jean-Yves Maetz.

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Manuscript submitted March 2, 2015.

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Maetz, JY., Cazottes, S., Verdu, C. et al. Precipitation and Phase Transformations in 2101 Lean Duplex Stainless Steel During Isothermal Aging. Metall Mater Trans A 47, 239–253 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3215-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3215-7

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