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In Situ Thermo-magnetic Investigation of the Austenitic Phase During Tempering of a 13Cr6Ni2Mo Supermartensitic Stainless Steel

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Abstract

The formation of austenite during tempering of a 13Cr6Ni2Mo supermartensitic stainless steel (X2CrNiMoV13-5-2) was investigated using an in situ thermo-magnetic technique to establish the kinetics of the martensite to austenite transformation and the stability of austenite. The austenite fraction was obtained from in situ magnetization measurements. It was found that during heating to the tempering temperature 1 to 2 vol pct of austenite, retained during quenching after the austenitization treatment, decomposed between 623 K and 753 K (350 °C and 480 °C). The activation energy for martensite to austenite transformation was found by JMAK-fitting to be 233 kJ/mol. This value is similar to the activation energy for Ni and Mn diffusion in iron and supports the assumption that partitioning of Ni and Mn to austenite are mainly rate determining for the austenite formation during tempering. This also indicates that the stability of austenite during cooling after tempering depends on these elements. With increasing tempering temperature the thermal stability of austenite is decreasing due to the lower concentrations of austenite-stabilizing elements in the increased fraction of austenite. After cooling from the tempering temperature the retained austenite was further partially decomposed during holding at room temperature. This appears to be related to previous martensite formation during cooling.

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Acknowledgments

This research was carried out under the project number M41.5.10392 in the framework of the Research Program of the Materials innovation institute M2i (www.m2i.nl). The authors wish to thank Cathy Bell and Matthew Green from Tata Steel Europe for their kind support.

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Author notes

  1. P. F. Morris (Formerly Research Fellow)

    Present address: Tata Steel Europe, Swinden Technology Centre, Moorgate, Rotherham, South Yorkshire, S60 3AR, U.K.

  2. L. Zhao (Research Fellow)

    Present address: VDL Weweler B.V., Ecofactorij 10, 7325 WC, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Innovation Institute (M2i), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands

    A. Bojack (PhD Researcher) & L. Zhao (Research Fellow)

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands

    A. Bojack (PhD Researcher), L. Zhao (Research Fellow) & J. Sietsma (Professor)

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Correspondence to J. Sietsma.

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Manuscript submitted January 13, 2014.

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Bojack, A., Zhao, L., Morris, P.F. et al. In Situ Thermo-magnetic Investigation of the Austenitic Phase During Tempering of a 13Cr6Ni2Mo Supermartensitic Stainless Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 45, 5956–5967 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2551-3

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