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Chemically Induced Phase Transformation in Austenite by Focused Ion Beam

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Abstract

A highly stable austenite phase in a super duplex stainless steel was subjected to a combination of different gallium ion doses at different acceleration voltages. It was shown that contrary to what is expected, an austenite to ferrite phase transformation occurred within the focused ion beam (FIB) milled regions. Chemical analysis of the FIB milled region proved that the gallium implantation preceded the FIB milling. High resolution electron backscatter diffraction analysis also showed that the phase transformation was not followed by the typical shear and plastic deformation expected from the martensitic transformation. On the basis of these observations, it was concluded that the change in the chemical composition of the austenite and the local increase in gallium, which is a ferrite stabilizer, results in the local selective transformation of austenite to ferrite.

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Abbreviations

A(001):

Austenitic grain having the (001) plane normal oriented parallel to the normal of the sample’s surface

A(111):

Austenitic grain having the (111) plane normal oriented parallel to the normal of the sample’s surface

ASS:

Austenitic stainless steel

BCC:

Body-centered cubic

CI:

Confidence index

DSS:

Duplex stainless steel

EBSD:

Electron backscatter diffraction

EDS:

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

FCC:

Faced-centered cubic

FIB:

Focused ion beam

IPF:

Inverse pole figure

IQ:

Image quality

K–S:

Kurdjumov–Sachs relation

MSS:

Maraging sandvik steel

M s :

Martensitic transformation temperature

N–W:

Nishiyama–Wasserman relation

OGM:

Orientation gradient mapping

sASS:

Super austenitic stainless steel

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SDSS:

Super duplex stainless steel

SRIM:

Stopping and range of ions in matter

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TRIP:

Transformation-induced plasticity

α :

Ferrite

ϒ:

Austenite

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the Research Council of Norway for providing financial support through the PETROMAKS program. Special thanks are due to SINTEF Materials and Chemistry Department in Trondheim, Norway for providing the SDSS material studied in this paper. The first author would also like to thank Dr. Nousha Kheradmand for fruitful discussion regarding the OGM method.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering Design and Materials, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway

    Adina Basa (Ph.D. Student), Christian Thaulow (Professor) & Afrooz Barnoush (Postdoctoral Fellow)

  2. Department of Materials Science, Saarland University, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany

    Afrooz Barnoush (Postdoctoral Fellow)

Authors
  1. Adina Basa
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  2. Christian Thaulow
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  3. Afrooz Barnoush
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Correspondence to Afrooz Barnoush.

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Manuscript submitted March 11, 2013.

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Basa, A., Thaulow, C. & Barnoush, A. Chemically Induced Phase Transformation in Austenite by Focused Ion Beam. Metall Mater Trans A 45, 1189–1198 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-2101-4

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