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Magnetic Evaluation of Microstructure Changes in 9Cr-1Mo and 2.25Cr-1Mo Steels Using Electromagnetic Sensors

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Abstract

This paper presents results from a multi-frequency electromagnetic sensor used to evaluate the microstructural changes in 9Cr-1Mo and 2.25Cr-1Mo power generation steels after tempering and elevated temperature service exposure. Electromagnetic sensors detect microstructural changes in steels due to changes in the relative permeability and resistivity. It was found that the low frequency inductance value is particularly sensitive to the different relative permeability values of both steels in the different microstructural conditions. The changes in relative permeability have been quantitatively correlated with the microstructural changes due to tempering and long-term thermal exposure, in particular to changes in martensitic/bainitic lath size and number density of carbide precipitates that determine the mean free path to reversible domain wall motion. The role of these microstructural features on pinning of magnetic domain wall motion is discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This work was carried out with financial support from EPSRC under the Grant EP/H023429/1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

    Jun Liu (Research Fellow), Martin Strangwood (Senior Lecturer) & Claire L. Davis (Professor of Ferrous Metallurgy)

  2. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK

    Anthony J. Peyton (Chair in Electromagnetic Tomography Engineering)

Authors
  1. Jun Liu
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  2. Martin Strangwood
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  3. Claire L. Davis
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  4. Anthony J. Peyton
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Correspondence to Jun Liu.

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Manuscript submitted February 4, 2013.

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Liu, J., Strangwood, M., Davis, C.L. et al. Magnetic Evaluation of Microstructure Changes in 9Cr-1Mo and 2.25Cr-1Mo Steels Using Electromagnetic Sensors. Metall Mater Trans A 44, 5897–5909 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1938-x

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