Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Role of Elemental Sublimation during Solution Heat Treatment of Ni-Based Superalloys

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The role of elemental evaporation on the microstructural stability of blade surfaces has been investigated on solutioned and aged samples of Ni-based single-crystal superalloys. Evaporation of Ni and Cr at the casting surface during solution heat treatment leads to the formation of a Ni- and Cr-depleted layer at the surface. Nucleation and growth of γ′ phase occur within this layer through subsequent long-range diffusion of Re, Ta, and W between the γ′ layer and the substrate. Beyond a critical Ni and Cr loss, incipient melting initiates at the surface and principally γ′ and TCP phases are stabilized with de-stabilization of γ phase. Nucleation of TCP phases occurs at grain boundaries arising from cellular recrystallization during the ramp-up cycle. Therefore, on quenching, a range of microstructures are observed at the casting surface.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H.T. Pang, H. B. Dong, R. Beanland, H. J. Stone, C. M. F. Rae, P.A. Midgley, G. Brewster, and N. D’Souza: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2009, vol. 40A, pp. 1660–69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. N. D’Souza and H.B. Dong: Scripta Mater. 2007, vol. 56, pp. 41–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. N. D’Souza and H. B. Dong: Mater. Sci. Technol. 2011, vol. 27, pp. 325–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. S.-M. Seo, J.-H. Lee, Y.-S. Yoo, C.-Y. Jo, H. Miyahara, and K. Ogi: in Superalloys 2008, R.C. Reed, K.A. Green, P. Caron, T.P. Gabb, M.G. Fahrmann, E.S. Huron, and S.A. Woodard, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2008, pp. 277–86.

  5. G.E. Fuchs: Mater Sci. Eng. A, 2001, vol 300A, pp. 52–60.

    Google Scholar 

  6. N. Warnken, H. Larrson, and R.C. Reed: Mater. Sci. Technol., 2009, vol. 25, pp. 179–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. S. L. Semiatin, R. C. Kramb, R. R. Turner, F. Zhang, and M. M. Anthony: Scripta Met., 2004, vol. 51, pp. 491–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. N. D’Souza, G.D. West, G. Brewster, H.B. Dong, and B.A. Shollock: unpublished research.

  9. G. Brewster, N. D’Souza, K. Ryder, S. Simmonds, and H.B. Dong: Metall. Mater. Trans A., vol. 43A, 2012, pp. 1288–1302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. J.J. Gyaneshwara: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, UK, 2009.

  11. C.B. Alcock, V.P. Itken, and M.K. Horrigan: Can. Met. Quart., 1984, vol. 23, pp. 309–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. L.D. Jaffe and J.B. Rittenhouse: Evaporation of Materials in Space, Technical Report 32–161, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1961, pp. 32–161.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Thermo-Calc Software, NIDAT7 Ni-based superalloy database. http://www.thermocalc.com. Accessed Feb 2013.

  14. F.D. Richardson and J.H.E. Jeffes: J. Iron Steel Inst., 1948, vol. 160, pp. 261–70.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D.R. Gaskell: Introduction to Metallurgical Thermodynamics, 1981, McGraw-Hill Series in Materials Science and Engineering Hemisphere Pub. Corp, 1981, ISBN: 0070229465, 9780070229464.

  16. R.T. Grimley, R.P. Burns, and M.G. Ingram: J. Chem. Phys., 1961, vol. 32, pp. 664–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. R. Darolia, D.F. Lahrman, and R.D. Field: in Superalloys 1988, S. Reichman, D.N. Duhl, G. Maurer, S. Antolovich, and C. Lund, eds., TMS, Warrendale, 1988, pp. 255–64.

  18. S. Tin and T.M. Pollock: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2003, A348, pp. 111–21.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. C.M.F. Rae, M.S. Hook, and R.C. Reed: Mater. Sci. Eng, 2005, A396, pp. 231–39.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J.D. Nystrom, T.M. Pollock, W.H. Murphy and, A. Garg: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1997, vol. 28A, pp. 2443–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Heckl, S. Cenanovic, M. Goken, R.F. Singer: Acta Mater., 2011, vol. 59, pp. 6563–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Heckl, S. Cenanovic, M. Goken, and R.F. Singer: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2012, vol. 43A, pp. 10–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Suzuki, C.M.F. Rae, M. Yoshida, Y. Matsubara, and H. Murakami: in Superalloys 2008, R.C. Reed, K.A. Green, P. Caron, T.P. Gabb, M.G. Fahrmann, E.S. Huron, and S.A. Woodard, eds., TMS, Warrendale, 2008, pp. 777–85.

  24. W.S. Walston, J.C. Schaeffer, and W.H. Murphy: in Superalloys 1996, R.D. Kissinger, D.J. Deye, D.L. Anton, A.D. Cetel, M.V. Nathal, T.M. Pollock, and D.A. Woodford, eds., TMS, Warrendale, 1996, pp. 9–18.

  25. A. Porter and B. Ralph: J. Mater. Sci., 1981, vol. 16, pp. 707–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. J.M. Oblak and W.A. Owczarski: Trans. Metall. Soc., AIME, 1968, vol. 242, pp. 1563–68.

  27. R. Brugel, P.D. Portella, and J. Preuhs: in Superalloys 2000, T.M. Pollock, R.D. Kissinger, R.R. Bowman, K.A. Green, M. McLean, S. Olson, and J.J. Schirra, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2000, pp. 229–38.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rolls-Royce Plc, PO Box 31, Derby, DE24 8BJ, U.K.

    N. D’Souza (Materials Technologist)

  2. Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, U.K.

    S. Simmonds (Ph.D. Student) & H. B. Dong (Professor)

  3. Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE10 2RF, U.K.

    G. D. West (Senior Research Fellow)

Authors
  1. N. D’Souza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Simmonds
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. D. West
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. H. B. Dong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. B. Dong.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted July 20, 2012.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

D’Souza, N., Simmonds, S., West, G.D. et al. Role of Elemental Sublimation during Solution Heat Treatment of Ni-Based Superalloys. Metall Mater Trans A 44, 4764–4773 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1816-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1816-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation