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Formation Mechanism of Type IV Failure in High Cr Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steel-Welded Joint

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Abstract

The mechanism of type IV failure has been investigated by using a conventional 9Cr ferritic heat-resistant steel Gr.92. In order to clarify the main cause of type IV failure, different heat treatments were performed on the base metal in order to change the prior austenite grain (PAG) size and precipitate distribution after applying the heat-affected zone (HAZ) simulated thermal cycle at the peak temperature of around A c3 (A c3 HAZ thermal cycle) and postweld heat treatment (PWHT). The microstructural evolution during the A c3 HAZ thermal cycle and PWHT was investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that M23C6 carbides were scarcely precipitated at the newly formed fine PAG, block, and lath boundaries in A c3 HAZ-simulated Gr.92, because the carbide forming elements such as Cr and C were segregated at the former PAG and block boundaries of the base metal. On the other hand, if all the boundaries were covered by sufficient M23C6 carbides by homogenization of the alloying elements prior to applying the HAZ thermal cycle, the creep strength was much improved even if the fine PAG was formed. From these results, it is concluded that fine-grained microstructure cannot account for the occurrence of type IV failure, and it only has a small effect during long-term creep. The most important factor is the precipitate formation behavior at various boundaries. Without sufficient boundary strengthening by precipitates, the microstructure of A c3 HAZ undergoes severe changes even during PWHT and causes premature failure during creep.

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Author notes

  1. Y. Liu (Postdoctoral Researcher, Researcher)

    Present address: R&D Center, Tianjin Pipe Corporation, Tianjin, P.R. China

  2. T. Shirane (Visiting Researcher, Researcher)

    Present address: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Hiroshima, 733-8533, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Structural Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan

    Y. Liu (Postdoctoral Researcher, Researcher), S. Tsukamoto (Researcher), T. Shirane (Visiting Researcher, Researcher) & F. Abe (Researcher)

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  1. Y. Liu
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  2. S. Tsukamoto
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  3. T. Shirane
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  4. F. Abe
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Tsukamoto.

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Manuscript submitted January 15, 2013.

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Liu, Y., Tsukamoto, S., Shirane, T. et al. Formation Mechanism of Type IV Failure in High Cr Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steel-Welded Joint. Metall Mater Trans A 44, 4626–4633 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1801-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1801-0

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