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Phase Evolution During the Liquid-Phase Bonding of Zirconium and Austenitic Stainless Steel with Zinc Insertion

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Abstract

Liquid-phase bonding experiments were performed at 1073 K (800 °C) between ZIRCALOY-2 and type 316 austenitic stainless steel by inserting zinc as an interlayer. The evolution of the microstructure at the interface was studied and the formation of various phases was detected. On the zirconium side, the very rapid formation of Zn3Zr was detected, whereas on the steel side, an unexpectedly large amount of the base austenitic steel was observed to react with liquid Zn. The reacted iron solidified into a nickel-poor ferritic phase containing around 10 mol pct zinc, which grew into the austenite accompanied by a formation of a zinc-rich phase containing nickel. The reaction stopped when the zinc-rich phase reached saturation with a nickel content between 20 and 25 mol pct. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the addition of nickel to liquid zinc greatly decreases the free energy of the liquid phase, thus enabling a large stability range for the ferrite + liquid zone and reducing the stability range of the austenite. The primary equilibrium between the austenite and the liquid phase is thus metastable, and thus, the austenite transforms into ferrite and a high-nickel-content liquid. The transformation front then progresses until ternary equilibrium is reached between austenite, ferrite, and the zinc-rich phase.

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Notes

  1. ZIRCALOY-2 is a trademark of Westinghouse Electric Company, Pittsburgh, PA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan

    Guillaume Reboul (Graduate Student), Shoichi Nambu (Assistant Professor), Junya Inoue (Associate Professor) & Toshihiko Koseki (Professor)

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  1. Guillaume Reboul
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  2. Shoichi Nambu
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  3. Junya Inoue
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  4. Toshihiko Koseki
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Correspondence to Junya Inoue.

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Manuscript submitted December 6, 2010.

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Reboul, G., Nambu, S., Inoue, J. et al. Phase Evolution During the Liquid-Phase Bonding of Zirconium and Austenitic Stainless Steel with Zinc Insertion. Metall Mater Trans A 43, 2366–2377 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-1074-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-1074-4

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