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Strengthening Mechanisms in Polycrystalline Multimodal Nickel-Base Superalloys

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Abstract

Polycrystalline γ-γ′ superalloys with varying grain sizes and unimodal, bimodal, or trimodal distributions of precipitates have been studied. To assess the contributions of specific features of the microstructure to the overall strength of the material, a model that considers solid-solution strengthening, Hall–Petch effects, precipitate shearing in the strong and weak pair-coupled modes, and dislocation bowing between precipitates has been developed and assessed. Cross-slip-induced hardening of the Ni3Al phase and precipitate size distributions in multimodal microstructures are also considered. New experimental observations on the contribution of precipitate shearing to the peak in flow stress at elevated temperatures are presented. Various alloys having comparable yield strengths were investigated and were found to derive their strength from different combinations of microconstituents (mechanisms). In all variants of the microstructure, there is a strong effect of antiphase boundary (APB) energy on strength. Materials subjected to heat treatments below the γ′ solvus temperature benefit from a strong Hall–Petch contribution, while supersolvus heat-treated materials gain the majority of their strength from their resistance to precipitate shearing.

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Acknowledgments

The authors express their gratitude to Mike Long, Engineous Software (SIMULIA, Province, RI), for his assistance with iSight software, and to Dennis Dimiduk and Triplicane Parthasarathy for their valuable discussions. The financial support of the DARPA/AIM project under Grant No. F005484, sponsored by Pratt & Whitney, is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Author notes

  1. R.W. Kozar (Graduate Student, Senior Engineer)

    Present address: Materials Technology, Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, PO BOX 79, West Mifflin, PA, 15122, USA

  2. A. Suzuki (Post Doctoral Research Fellow, Metallurgist)

    Present address: Ceramic and Metallurgy Technologies, GE Global Research, One Research Circle, MB-269, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA

  3. M.F. Savage (Staff Engineer, Manager)

    Present address: Group Strategy and Development, Pratt & Whitney, 400 Main St, East Hartford, CT, 06108, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    R.W. Kozar (Graduate Student, Senior Engineer), A. Suzuki (Post Doctoral Research Fellow, Metallurgist) & T.M. Pollock (L.H. and F.E. Van Vlack Professor)

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 504 Admin Bldg, MTU, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA

    W.W. Milligan (Professor)

  3. Aircraft Group, Pratt & Whitney, 400 Main St, East Hartford, CT, 06108, USA

    J.J. Schirra (Manager)

  4. Materials and Processes Engineering, Pratt & Whitney, 400 Main St, East Hartford, CT, 06108, USA

    M.F. Savage (Staff Engineer, Manager)

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  1. R.W. Kozar
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Correspondence to R.W. Kozar.

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Manuscript submitted September 17, 2004.

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Kozar, R., Suzuki, A., Milligan, W. et al. Strengthening Mechanisms in Polycrystalline Multimodal Nickel-Base Superalloys. Metall Mater Trans A 40, 1588–1603 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-9858-5

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