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Peak Stir Zone Temperatures during Friction Stir Processing

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Abstract

The stir zone (SZ) temperature cycle was measured during the friction stir processing (FSP) of NiAl bronze plates. The FSP was conducted using a tool design with a smooth concave shoulder and a 12.7-mm step-spiral pin. Temperature sensing was accomplished using sheathed thermocouples embedded in the tool path within the plates, while simultaneous optical pyrometry measurements of surface temperatures were also obtained. Peak SZ temperatures were 990 °C to 1015 °C (0.90 to 0.97 T Melt) and were not affected by preheating to 400 °C, although the dwell time above 900 °C was increased by the preheating. Thermocouple data suggested little variation in peak temperature across the SZ, although thermocouples initially located on the advancing sides and at the centerlines of the tool traverses were displaced to the retreating sides, precluding direct assessment of the temperature variation across the SZ. Microstructure-based estimates of local peak SZ temperatures have been made on these and on other similarly processed materials. Altogether, the peak-temperature determinations from these different measurement techniques are in close agreement.

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Notes

  1. Fiberfrax is a registered trademark of Unifrax, Niagara Falls, NY.

  2. Densimet 176 is a registered trademark of Plansee Tungsten Alloys, Saint Pierre en Faucigny, France.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge prior support and funding for this work from the Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA) (Arlington, VA), with Dr. Leo Christodoulou as program sponsor, and current support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) (Arlington, VA), under Contract Nos. N00014-06-WR-2-0196 and N00014-09-WR20201, with Drs. Julie Christodoulou, John Deloach, and Richard Fonda as program sponsors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. General Electric–Global Research, Bangalore, 560066, India

    Srinivasan Swaminathan (Research Scientist)

  2. National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan

    Keiichiro Oh-Ishi (Postdoctoral Scientist)

  3. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM), CSIC, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Alexander P. Zhilyaev (RyC Fellow, Leading Research Scientist)

  4. Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems, RAS, 450001, Ufa, Russia

    Alexander P. Zhilyaev (RyC Fellow, Leading Research Scientist)

  5. Healthcare Division, General Electric Co., Milwaukee, WI, 53219, USA

    Christian B. Fuller (Research Engineer)

  6. Department of Materials Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA

    Blair London (Professor)

  7. Midway, UT, 84049, USA

    Murray W. Mahoney (Independent Consultant)

  8. Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Astronautical Engineering, Naval Post Graduate School, Monterey, CA, 93943-5146, USA

    Terry R. McNelley (Distinguished Professor)

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  1. Srinivasan Swaminathan
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  2. Keiichiro Oh-Ishi
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  3. Alexander P. Zhilyaev
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  4. Christian B. Fuller
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  5. Blair London
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  6. Murray W. Mahoney
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  7. Terry R. McNelley
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Terry R. McNelley.

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Manuscript submitted June 4, 2009.

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Swaminathan, S., Oh-Ishi, K., Zhilyaev, A.P. et al. Peak Stir Zone Temperatures during Friction Stir Processing. Metall Mater Trans A 41, 631–640 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-0140-7

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