Abstract
The effects of prestraining at room temperature and at the creep temperature of 848 K, as well as the responses to stress reductions during creep, have been studied for 316 stainless steels varying in composition and initial microstructure. The results are analyzed by contrasting the strengthening effects achieved by introducing high dislocation densities prior to creep exposure with the deleterious effects, which can occur when prestraining causes premature void nucleation at grain boundaries. In addition, by recognizing the differing contributions made by the grain interiors and the grain boundary zones to the overall rates of creep strain accumulation, a consistent explanation is provided for the diverse creep behavior patterns reported for different metals and alloys after various prestraining treatments.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V.K. Sikka, R.W. Swindeman, T.L. Hebble, C.R. Brinkman, and M.K. Booker: Nucl. Technol., 1976, vol. 31, pp. 96–114.
M. Willis, A. McDonaugh-Smith, and R. Hales: Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping, 1999, vol. 76, pp. 355–59.
P.W. Davies, J.D. Richards, and B. Wilshire: J. Inst. Met., 1961–62, vol. 90, pp. 431–33.
J.D. Parker and B. Wilshire: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1980, vol. 43, pp. 271–80.
W. Barr, B. Plastow, and W.E. Winnett: Metallurgica, 1967, vol. 75, pp. 9–14.
S. Kibuchi and B. Ilschner: Sci. Metall., 1986, vol. 20, pp. 159–62.
D.J. Powell, R. Pilkington, and D.A. Miller: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, B. Wilshire and D.R.J. Owen, eds., Pineridge Press, Swansea, 1984, vol. 2, pp. 989–1002.
B.F. Dyson and M.J. Rogers: Met. Sci., 1974, vol. 8, pp. 261–66.
T. Saegusa, M. Vemura, and J.R. Weertman: Metall. Trans. A, 1980, vol. 11A, pp. 1453–58.
H. Burt, I.C. Elliott, and B. Wilshire: Met. Sci., 1981, vol. 15, pp. 421–24.
M.C. Pandey, A.K. Mukherjee, and D.M.R. Taplin: Metall. Trans. A, 1984, vol. 15A, pp. 1437–41.
Y.-H. Zhang and D.M. Knowles: Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on Fracture, K. Ravi-Chandra, B.L. Karihaloo, T. Kishi, R.O. Richie, and A.T. Yokobori, Jr., eds., Elsevier, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2001, p. 6.
R.H. Norton: The Creep of Steel at High Temperature, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1929.
R.C. Monkman and N.J. Grant: Proc. ASTM, 1956, vol. 56, pp. 593–605.
F. Dobes and K. Milicka: Met. Sci., 1976, vol. 10, pp. 382–86.
B. Wilshire and F. Carreño: J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2000, vol. 20, pp. 463–72.
B. Wilshire and H. Burt: Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, J.D. Parker, ed., Institute of Materials, London, 2001, pp. 261–68.
F.A. Leckie and D.R. Hayhurst: Acta Metall., 1977, vol. 25, pp. 1059–70.
M.F. Ashby and B.F. Dyson: Advances in Fracture Research, S.R. Valluri, ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 1984, vol. 1, pp. 3–30.
C.N. Ahlquist and W.D. Nix: Acta. Metall., 1971, vol. 19, pp. 373–85.
J.C. Gibeling and W.D. Nix: Met. Sci. J., 1977, vol. 11, pp. 453–57.
R.W. Evans and B. Wilshire: Creep of Metal and Alloys, The Institute of Metals, London, 1985.
R.C. Gifkins: Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7A, pp. 1225–34.
R.A. Ainsworth: An Assessment Procedure for the High Temperature Response of Structures R5, Issue 2, Nuclear Electric Ltd., Berkeley, UK, 1996.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wilshire, B., Willis, M. Mechanisms of strain accumulation and damage development during creep of prestrained 316 stainless steels. Metall Mater Trans A 35, 563–571 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0367-2
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0367-2