Abstract
A new annealing technology has been developed by the authors in order to conduct fast steel annealing. This process consists of steel heating by cold-plasma discharge. It allows the opportunity for new annealing cycles with higher heating rates (up to 300 K/s), shorter soaking times, and controlled cooling rates, so that well-recrystallized samples have been achieved in less than several seconds of total process time. This article reports the influence of various parameters of the annealing cycle (heating rate, maximum annealing temperature, and cooling rate) on the recrystallization and properties of a cold-rolled low-carbon steel. This study shows that the annealing time can be significatively reduced using this new technology, compared to the industrial continuous annealing technology used today, to obtain equivalent metallurgical properties.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.L. Semiatin, I.M. Sukonnik, and V. Seetharaman: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27A, pp. 2051–53.
D. Muljono, M. Ferry, and D.P. Dunne: 39th Mechanical Working Steel Processing Conf. Proc., ISS, Warrendale, PA, 1997, pp. 667–72.
T. Senuma: Recrystallization and Grain Growth—Proc. 1st Joint Int. Conf., G. Gottstein and D.A. Molodov, eds., Springer-Verlag, Aachen, 2001, pp. 1125–30.
S.E. Hinchliffe: PhD Thesis, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, United Kingdom, 1995, pp. 43–87.
H. Shi, M. Atkinson, and D. Dunne: in Recrystallisation ’90, T. Chandra, ed., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1990, pp. 735–40.
M. Atkinson: Mater. Forum, 1993, vol. 17 (2), pp. 181–208.
W. Jolley: J. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 1967, vol. 205, pp. 321–28.
F. Emren, U.v. Schlippenbach, and K. Lücke: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1989, vol. 5 (3), pp. 238–48.
D. Muljono, M. Ferry, and D.P. Dunne: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2001, vol. A303, pp. 90–99.
I.L. Dillamore, C.J.E. Smith, and T.W. Watson: Met. Sci., 1967, vol. 1, pp. 49–54.
J.J. Jonas, L.S. Toth, and T. Urabe: Mater. Sci. Forum, 1994, vols. 157–162, pp. 713–29.
W.B. Hutchinson: 16th Ris Int. Symp. on Materials Science 1995—Microstructural and Crystallographic Aspects of Recrystallization, N. Hansen, D.J. Jensen, Y.L. Liu, and B. Ralph, eds., Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, 1995, pp. 105–17.
L. Kestens, K. Verbeken, and J.J. Jonas: Recrystallization and Grain Growth—Proc. 1st Joint Int. Conf., G. Gottstein and D.A. Molodov, eds., Springer-Verlag, Aachen, 2001, pp. 695–706.
P. Gordon and R.A. Vandermeer: Recrystallization, Grain Growth and Textures, ASM, & Cleveland, OH, 1965, pp. 209–11.
T. Urabe, J. Savoie, and J.J. Jonas: Physical Metallurgy of IF Steels, The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Tokyo, 1994, pp. 141–44.
K. Verbeken and L. Kestens: Recrystallization and Grain Growth—Proc. 1st Joint Int. Conf., G. Gottstein and D.A. Molodov, eds., Springer-Verlag, Aachen, 2001, pp. 1143–48.
L. Kestens and J.J. Jonas: Met. Mater., 1999, vol. 5 (5), pp. 419–27.
L. Kestens and Y. Houbaert: Proc. 21st Riso Int. Symp. on Materials Science: Recrystallization—Fundamental Aspects and Relations to Deformation Microstructure, N. Hansen, X. Huang, D.J. Jensen, W. Pantleon, E.M. Lauridsen, T. Leffers, T.J. Sabin, and J.A. Wert, eds., Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, 2000, pp. 379–84.
J. Stockemer: PhD Thesis, University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium, 2001.
J. Stockemer and P. Vanden Brande: Recrystallization and Grain Growth—Proc. 1st Joint Int. Conf., G. Gottstein and D.A. Molodov, eds., Springer-Verlag, Aachen, 2001, pp. 1131–36.
F.J. Humpreys and M. Hatherly: Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena, Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 1995, pp. 127–220.
J.W. Christian: The Theory of Transformations in Metals and Alloys, Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 1965, pp. 489–95.
B. Thomas and M. Guttmann: in Le Livre de l’Acier, G. Béranger, G. Henry, and G. Sanz, Lavoisier, Paris, 1994, p. 159.
J. Gouzou, J. Wegria, and L. Habraken: CNRM, 1970, vol. 25, pp. 21–28.
M.R. Barnett: Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. Int., 1998, vol. 1, pp. 78–85.
W.B. Hutchinson: Acta Metall., 1989, vol. 37, pp. 1047–56.
R.K. Ray, J.J. Jonas, and R.E. Hook: Int. Mater. Rev., 1994, vol. 39 (4), pp. 129–72.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stockemer, J., Vanden Brande, P. & Brande, P.V. Recrystallization of a cold-rolled low-carbon steel by cold-plasma-discharge rapid annealing. Metall Mater Trans A 34, 1341–1348 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0245-3
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0245-3