Abstract
The effect of nitrogen content on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of 22 pct Cr duplex stainless steel (DSS) in chloride solutions was investigated in this study. Slow strain rate testing (SSRT) was employed to evaluate the SCC susceptibility. The experimental results showed that the tensile strength and ductility of 22 pct Cr DSS increased with increasing amount of nitrogen (in the range of 0.103 to 0.195 wt pct). Slow strain rate testing results indicated that 22 pct Cr DSSs were resistant to SCC in 3.5 wt pct NaCl solution at 80 °C. However, environmentally assisted cracking occurred in 40 wt pct CaCl2 solution at 100 °C and in boiling 45 wt pct MgCl2 solution at 155 °C, respectively. The effects of environment and nitrogen content in DSS on the cracking susceptibility are discussed in this article. Selective dissolution of ferrite phase was found to participate in the SCC process for tests in CaCl2 solution. At temperatures above 80 °C, dynamic strain aging was found to occur in various environments at a strain beyond plastic deformation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.-O. Nilsson: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1992, vol. 8, pp. 685–700.
R.M. Davison and J.D. Redmond: Mater. Des., 1991, vol. 12, pp. 187–92.
A.J. Sedriks: Corrosion, 1989, vol. 45, pp. 510–18.
Wen-Ta Tsai and Ming-Shan Chen: Corr. Sci., 2000, vol. 42, pp. 545–59.
A. Miyasaka, T. Kanamaru, and H. Ogawa: Corrosion, 1996, vol. 52, pp. 592–99.
Horng-Yih Liou, Yeong-Tsuen Pan, Rong-Iuan Hsieh, and Wen-Ta Tsai: J. Mater. Eng. Performance, 2001, vol. 10, pp. 231–41.
A. Laitinen and H. Hänninen: Corrosion, 1996, vol. 52, pp. 295–306.
J.W. Fourie and F.P.A. Robinson: Stainless Steels ’91, ISIJ, Tokyo, 1991, pp. 111–17.
N. Sridhar and J. Kolts: Corrosion, 1987, vol. 43, pp. 646–51.
R.N. Gunn: Duplex Stainless Steels—Microstructures, Properties and Applications, Abringto Publishing, Cambridge, UK, 1997, pp. 14–23.
P.R. Levey and A. van Bennekom: Corrosion, 1995, vol. 51, pp. 911–21.
A. Hendry: Wire J. Int., 1994, vol. 27, pp. 140–44.
J. Rawers and M. Grujicic: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1996, vol. A207, pp. 188–94.
F.B. Pickering: Stainless Steel ’84, The Institute of Metals, London, 1985, pp. 2–28.
R.E. Schramm and R.P. Reed: Metall. Trans. A, 1975, vol. 6A, pp. 1345–51.
H. Tsuge, Y. Tarutani, and T. Kudo: Corrosion, 1988, vol. 44, pp. 305–14.
S.J. Pawel, E.E. Stanabury, and C.D. Lundin: Corrosion, 1989, vol. 45, pp. 125–33.
I. Olefjord and L. Wegrelius: Corr. Sci., 1996, vol. 38, pp. 1203–20.
S.-L. Chou, M.-J. Tsai, W.-T. Tsai, and J.-T. Lee: Mater. Chem. Phys., 1997, vol. 51, pp. 97–101.
P. Kangas and J.M. Nicholls: Werkst. Korr., 1995, vol. 46, pp. 354–65.
C.-M. Tseng, H.-Y. Liou, and W.-T. Tsai: Corrosion/2000, NACE, Houston, TX, 2000, paper no. 214.
Horng-Yih Liou, Rng-Iuan Hsieh, and Wen-Ta Tsai: Mater. Chem. Phys., 2002, vol. 74, pp. 33–44.
C.J. Long and W.T. DeLong: Weld. J., 1973, vol. 52, pp. 281s-97s.
F.B. Pickering: Int. Met. Rev., 1960, vol. 21, pp. 227–68.
L.J. Scwartzendrubber, L.H. Bennett, E.A. Schoefer, W.T. DeLong, and H.C. Campbell: Weld. J., 1974, vol. 53, pp. 1s-12s.
J. Foct, T. Magnin, P. Perrot, and J. B. Vogt: Duplex Stainless Steels ’91, Les Editions de Physique, Les Ulis Cedex A, France, pp. 49–65.
I. Tamura, Y. Tomota, A. Akao, Y. Yamaoka, M. Ozawa, and S. Kantani: Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 1973, vol. 13, pp. 283–292.
G.J. Theus and R.W. Staehle: Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Iron Based Alloys, NACE, Houston, TX, 1977, pp. 845–92.
M. Kowaka and H. Fujikawa: Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 1971, vol. 12, pp. 243–49.
R.W. Staehle: Theory of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Alloys, NATO, Brussels, 1971, pp. 223–88.
P.R. Rhodes: Corrosion, 1969, vol. 25, pp. 462–72.
A. Van Den Beukel: Acta Metall., 1980, vol. 28, pp. 965–69.
P.G. McCormick: Acta Metall., 1972, vol. 20, pp. 351–54.
L.H. de Almeida, I. Le May, and P.R.O. Emygdio: Mater. Characterization, 1998, vol. 41, pp. 137–50.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tseng, CM., Tsai, WT. & Liou, HY. Effect of nitrogen content on the environmentally-assisted cracking susceptibility of duplex stainless steels. Metall Mater Trans A 34, 95–103 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0211-0
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0211-0