Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Microstructural Modification and property improvement of boride/Ti-6Al-4V surface-alloyed materials fabricated by high-energy electron-beam irradiation

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study is concerned with the fabrication and microstructural analysis of boride/Ti-6Al-4V surface-alloyed materials using the irradiation of a high-energy electron beam. Mixtures of TiB2 or MoB powders and CaF2 flux were placed on a Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate and subsequently irradiated using a high-energy electron beam. Specimens processed with a flux mixing ratio of 40 wt pct showed that the melted region of 1.1 to 1.5 mm in thickness was homogeneously formed without defects and contained a large amount of titanium borides (TiB). The formation of TiB in the melted region greatly improved the Vickers hardness, high-temperature Vickers hardness, and wear resistance to levels 2 or 3 three times higher than the those for the Ti alloy substrate. Also, the addition of MoB powders into the mixtures made possible the fabrication of surface-alloyed materials with various properties by controlling the kind, size, and volume fraction of TiB and the characteristics of the matrix. These findings suggested that surface alloying using high-energy electron-beam irradiation was economical and useful for the development of boride/Ti-6Al-4V surface-alloyed materials with improved properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Magnan, G.C. Weatherly, and M.-C. Cheynet: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, vol. 30A, pp. 19–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Bloyce: J. Eng. Tribol., 1998, vol. 212, pp. 467–76.

    Google Scholar 

  3. T. Nakayama, Y. Wada, and H. Ido: R&D, 1993, vol. 43, pp. 71–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. T. Sonoda and M. Kato: Mater. Res. Bull., 1997, vol. 32, pp. 899–905.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Z. Yang, M. An, J. Zhang, Z. Tu, and M. Li: Plat. Surf. Finish., 1997, vol. 84, pp. 68–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. C. Hu, H. Xin, L.M. Waton, and T.N. Baker: Acta Mater., 1997, vol. 45, pp. 4311–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. Fouilland-Paille, S. Ettaqi, S. Benayoun, and J.J. Hantzpergue: Surf. Coating Technol., 1997, vol. 88, pp. 204–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J.S. Selvan, K. Subramanian, and A.K. Nath: Adv. Perf. Mater., 1999, vol. 6, pp. 71–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J.H. Abboud and D.R.F. West: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1994, vol. 13, pp. 457–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. T. Bell, P.H. Morton, and A. Bloyce: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1994, vol. A184, pp. 73–86.

    Google Scholar 

  11. J.M. Poate, G. Foti, and D.C. Jacobson: Surface Modification and Alloying by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, NATO Conf. Proc. Ser. VI, Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1983, vol. 8, p. 40.

    Google Scholar 

  12. K. Euth, S. Lee, and K. Shin: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, vol. 30A, pp. 3143–51.

    Google Scholar 

  13. S. Oh, D. Suh, S. Lee, and N.J. Kim: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1998, vol. A248, pp. 245–55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A.F. Vaisman, S.B. Vasserman, M.G. Golkovskii, V.D. Kedo, and R.A. Salimov: About Surface Hardening by Concentrated Electron Beam at Atmosphere, Preprint No. 88-73, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibrsk, Russia, 1998, pp. 5–31.

    Google Scholar 

  15. K. Euh, S.-H. Choo, and S. Lee: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2000, vol. 31A, pp. 2849–55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. L. Davis: An Introduction to Welding Fluxes for Mild and Low Alloy Steels, The Welding Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1981, pp. 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  17. M.A. Greenfield and H. Margolin: Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 2649–59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. D. Eylon, J.A. Hall, C.M. Pierce, and D.L. Ruck: Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7A, pp. 1817–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Gysler and G. Lütjering: Metall. Trans. A, 1982, vol. 13A, pp. 1435–43.

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. Bauccio: ASM Engineered Materials Reference Book, 2nd ed., ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1994, pp. 301–11.

    Google Scholar 

  21. R.C. Weast: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 70th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989, p. B-80.

  22. G. Petzow: Metallographic Etching, ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1978, pp. 85–88.

    Google Scholar 

  23. DIN 50320: Wear, Definitions and Terminology, Beuth-Verlag, Berlin, 1980.

  24. M.E. Hyman, C. McCullough, J.J. Valencia, C.G. Levi, and R. Mehrabian: Metall. Trans. A, 1989, vol. 20A, pp. 1847–59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Z. Fan and A.P. Midownik: J. Mater. Sci., 1994, vol. 29, pp. 1127–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. S.M. Gurevich: The Metallurgy and Technology of Welding the Titanium and Titanium Alloys, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1986, pp. 108–19.

    Google Scholar 

  27. S.M. Gurevich: Handbook on Welding of the Nonferrous Metals, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1990, pp. 190–91.

    Google Scholar 

  28. S.-H. Choo, S. Lee, and S.-J. Kwon: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, vol. 30A, pp. 3131–41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. J.C. Oh, D. Choo, and S. Lee: Surf. Coat. Technol., 2000, vol. 127, pp. 76–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. K. Euh, J. Lee, S. Lee, Y. Koo, and N.J. Kim: Scripta Mater., 2000, in press.

  31. T.B. Massalski: Binary Phase Diagrams, vol. 1, ASM INTERNATIONAL, Metals Park, OH, 1986, p. 392.

    Google Scholar 

  32. R. Boyer, G. Welsch, and E.W. Collings: Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys, ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1994, pp. 5–11.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Metals Handbook: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, 10th ed., ASM INTERNATIONAL, Metals Park, OH, 1990, vol. 2, pp. 592–633.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. the Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 790-784, Pohang, Korea

    Kwangjun Euh (Research Assistant), Jongmin Lee (Research Assistant) & Sunghak Lee (Professor)

  2. the Materials Science and Engineering Department, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea

    Sunghak Lee (Professor)

Authors
  1. Kwangjun Euh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jongmin Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sunghak Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Euh, K., Lee, J. & Lee, S. Microstructural Modification and property improvement of boride/Ti-6Al-4V surface-alloyed materials fabricated by high-energy electron-beam irradiation. Metall Mater Trans A 32, 2499–2508 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-001-0039-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-001-0039-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation