Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The effect of gravity on solution-reprecipitation during liquid phase sintering

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Solution-reprecipitation during liquid phase sintering can lead to gravity-aligned gradients in the amount of refractory phase as a result of the interaction between gravitational forces and capillary forces. We provide an anlaysis of this mechanism for gradient formation and show that for most important engineering materials, solution-reprecipitation does not cause substantial gravity-induced gradients. This conclusion is in agreement with published data for tungsten heavy alloy materials containing volume fractions of solids greater than about 0.7 at the sintering temperature. Macrostructural gradients in liquid phase sintered materials have been reported in the literature; however, these materials contain sufficient liquid at the sintering temperature that solid grains settle within the liquid, perhaps contributing to the observed gradients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C. Kipphut, A. Bose, S. Farooq, and R.M. German: Metall. Trans. A, 1988, vol. 19A, pp. 1905–13.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S.C. Yang and R.M. German: Metall. Trans. A, 1991, vol. 22A, pp. 786–91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Y. Liu, D.F. Heaney, and R.M. German: Acta Metall. Mater., 1995, vol. 43, pp. 1587–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. R.M. German: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1995, vol. 26A, pp. 279–88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J.L. Johnson, A. Upadhyaya, and R.M. German: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 1998, vol. 29B, pp. 857–66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. A.N. Niemi and T.H. Courtney: Acta Metall., 1983, vol. 31, pp. 1393–1401.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. D.F. Heaney, R.M. German, and I.S. Ahn: Advances in Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ, 1993, pp. 169–80.

    Google Scholar 

  8. T.H. Courtney: Scripta Mater., 1996, vol. 35, pp. 567–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. W.D. Kingery and M. Berg: J. Appl. Phys., 1955, vol. 26, pp. 1205–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. W.D. Kingery, J.M. Woulbroun, and F.R. Charvat: J. Am. Cer. Soc., 1963, vol. 46, pp. 391–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. G.H. Gessinger, H.F. Fischmeister, and H.L. Lukas: Acta Metall., 1973, vol. 21, pp. 715–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Svoboda, H. Riedel, and R. Gaebel: Acta Mater., 1996, vol. 44, pp. 3215–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Mortensen: Acta Mater., 1997, vol. 45, pp. 749–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. P.E. McHugh and H. Riedel: Acta Mater., 1997, vol. 45, pp. 2995–3003.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D.N. Yoon and W.J. Huppmann: Acta Metall., 1979, vol. 27, pp. 693–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. W.J. Huppmann: Z. Metallkd., 1979, vol. 70, pp. 792–97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. W.A. Kaysser and G. Petzow: Powder Metall., 1985, vol. 28, pp. 145–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. R.M. German: Liquid Phase Sintering, Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1985, p. 240.

    Google Scholar 

  19. S.J.L. Kang, K.H. Kim, and D.N. Yoon: J. Am. Cer. Soc., 1991, vol. 74, pp. 425–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. S.M. Lee and S.J.L. Kang: Acta Mater., 1998, vol. 46, pp. 3191–3203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. H.H. Park, S.J. Cho, and D.N. Yoon: Metall. Trans. A, 1984, vol. 15A, pp. 1075–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. H.H. Park, S.J.L. Kang, and D.N. Yoon: Metall. Trans. A, 1986, vol. 17A, pp. 325–30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. R.M. German: Particle Packing Characteristics, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ, 1989, p. 443.

    Google Scholar 

  24. D. Bouvard and E. Ouedraogo: Powder Technol., 1986, vol. 46, pp. 255–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. R.M. German, Y. Liu, and A. Griffo: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1997, vol. 28A, pp. 215–21.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. R. Ganesan, A. Griffo, and R.M. German: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1998, vol. 29A, pp. 659–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A.B. Rodriguez and J.G. Sevillano: in Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys, A. Bose and R.J. Dowding, eds., Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ, 1992, pp. 61–68.

    Google Scholar 

  28. R. Raman and R.M. German: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1995, vol. 26A, pp. 653–59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. A. Upadhyaya, R.G. Iacocca, and R.M. German: JOM, 1999, vol. 51, pp. 37–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. A Upadhyaya and R.M. German: 14th Plansee Seminar 1997, Proc. Conf., Reutte, Tirol, Austria, 1997, G. Kneringer, P. Rodhammer, and P. Wilhartitz, eds., RWF Werbegesellschaft, pp. 68–85.

  31. A. Upadhyaya and R.M. German: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1998, vol. 29A, pp. 2631–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. the Laboratory of Mechanical Metallurgy, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

    C. San Marchi (Postdoctoral Research Associate), L. Felberbaum (Research Engineer) & A. Mortensen (Professor)

Authors
  1. C. San Marchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. Felberbaum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Mortensen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Marchi, C.S., Felberbaum, L. & Mortensen, A. The effect of gravity on solution-reprecipitation during liquid phase sintering. Metall Mater Trans A 31, 397–400 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-000-0276-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-000-0276-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation