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Intérêts et limites de la posturographie pour l’évaluation des troubles de l’équilibre

Interest and limitations of posturography in the assessment of balance problems

  • Article de Synthèse / Review Article
  • Published:
La Lettre de médecine physique et de réadaptation

Résumé

La posturographie, c’est-à-dire l’évaluation de l’équilibre à partir des modifications du centre des pressions recueillies par une plateforme de forces, s’est développée depuis 40 ans environ. Au cours des dernières années, des perfectionnements ont été proposés tant dans le domaine des conditions d’exploration (appui unipodal, limites de stabilité, posturographie dynamique) que d’analyse du signal (analyse non linéaire). Si la posturographie constitue le moyen le plus adapté à l’évaluation de la station debout, sa place dans l’évaluation des troubles de l’équilibre reste discutée. Plusieurs raisons constituent un frein à son utilisation. En effet, au-delà du coût d’acquisition, de réalisation et d’interprétation des résultats, plusieurs auteurs ont rapporté les interrogations portant sur la reproductibilité des examens, leur sensibilité, leur spécificité et leur intérêt vis-à-vis d’autres explorations cliniques ou instrumentales en fonction des pathologies considérées. Ce sont ces éléments qui seront abordés ici en sachant que des évolutions sont sans cesse proposées dans ce domaine qui voit croître régulièrement le nombre de publications qui lui sont consacrées.

Abstract

Posturography, i.e. the assessment of balance based on modifications to the pressure centre collected by a force platform, has seen many developments over the last forty years. Recently, improvements have been proposed in the area of experimental conditions (single-leg balancing, limits of stability, dynamic posturography) and also to signal analysis (non-linear analysis). Even if posturography is the most suitable means for assessing the upright position, its place in the evaluation of balance problems remains under discussion. There are many reasons why its use has not been widely accepted. Indeed, aside from the initial purchase cost and the collecting and interpretation of results, many authors have called into question the reproducibility of the tests, their sensitivity, their specificity and their interest with regard to other clinical or instrumental examinations for certain diseases. These are the elements that will be tackled here, with the understanding that developments are constantly being put forward in this area, that will see a regular increase in the number of publications on this subject.

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Correspondence to P. Thoumie.

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Thoumie, P. Intérêts et limites de la posturographie pour l’évaluation des troubles de l’équilibre. Lett Med Phys Readapt 28, 139–144 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11659-012-0300-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11659-012-0300-9

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