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Essential Oil from Citrus aurantium Alleviates Anxiety of Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

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Abstract

Objective

To determine the effectiveness and safety of essential oil from Citrus aurantium on anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Methods

A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 80 patients experiencing coronary angiography in Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran from April to November in 2016. All patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups by a random number table, 40 cases in each group. The patients in the intervention group inhaled Citrus aurantium essential oil for 15–20 min about 60 min before angiography. Following the same procedure, distilled water was used instead of Citrus aurantium in the control group. Spielbergers State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was filled in and vital signs including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respiratory and pulse rate were recorded before and 20 min after the intervention. Adverse reactions after intervention were observed.

Results

In the intervention group, the mean scores of STAI, SBP, DBP, respiratory and pulse rate were 53.30 ± 10.13, 134.82 ± 11.75 mm Hg, 84.49 ± 6.99 mm Hg, 17.87 ± 1.73 times/min, and 76.48 ± 12.55 beats/min at baseline and significantly decreased to 42.37 ± 10.15, 124.49 ± 10.48 mm Hg, 79.23 ± 6.62 mm Hg, 14.54 ± 1.43 times/min, and 70.03 ± 13.66 beats/min respectively 20 min after intervention (all P<0.05); however, in the control group, neither anxiety scores nor vital signs changed significantly (P>0.05). All subjects reported no adverse reactions.

Conclusion

Inhalation of the essential oil from Citrus aurantium was effective in reducing anxiety and stress levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Trial registration: IRCT2016040816797N2 (retrospectively registered on 21 April 2016, https://en.irct.ir/trial/15600)

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Intensive Care Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Khalil Moradi, Behrouz Bijan & Farzaneh Akbari

  2. Health Education Department, Health School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Hossein Ashtarian

  3. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nicholas Yakubu Danzima & Mohammad Mehdi Mohammadi

  4. Student Research Committee, School of Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Hamid Saeedi

Authors
  1. Khalil Moradi
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  2. Hossein Ashtarian
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  3. Nicholas Yakubu Danzima
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  4. Hamid Saeedi
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  5. Behrouz Bijan
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  6. Farzaneh Akbari
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  7. Mohammad Mehdi Mohammadi
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Contributions

Moradi K, Mohummadi MM, Hamid S and Akbari F carried out the experiments, analyzed and interpreted the data, and drafted the manuscript. Moradi K, Ashtarian H, Bijan B and Mohummadi MM designed the study and participated in analysis and interpretation of data. Mohummadi MM, Danzima NY and Moradi K coordinated the study, revised and edited the manuscript, and contributed in the analysis and interpretation of data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript for publication.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Mehdi Mohammadi.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Cite this article

Moradi, K., Ashtarian, H., Danzima, N.Y. et al. Essential Oil from Citrus aurantium Alleviates Anxiety of Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Chin. J. Integr. Med. 27, 177–182 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-020-3266-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-020-3266-5

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