Abstract
Objective
To determine the anti-inflflammatory effects of an ethanol fraction of Periploca forrestii Schltr. (EFPF) and to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying in vivo and in vitro models.
Methods
The antiinflflammatory effects of EFPF were evaluated using the xylene-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema models in vivo. In vitro, RAW264.7 cells were exposed to 0–800 μg/mL EFPF and the cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Then cells were treated with different concentrations of EFPF (100–400 μg/mL) and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL) for 24 h. The supernatant was analyzed for nitric oxide (NO) using the Griess reagent, and the levels of inflflammatory mediators and cytokines were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-10. The protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK were examined by Western blot.
Results
Compared with the control group, EFPF signifificantly reduced mouse ear edema and rat paw edema rate (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the LPS group, EFPF signifificantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α and IL-6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and increased the IL-10 production (P<0.05). EFPF also signifificantly inhibited LPS-induced protein expressions of iNOS and COX-2, suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of NF-κB-α, decreased p65 level, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK P<0.05 or P<0.01).
Conclusion
EFPF exerted anti-inflflammatory effect by reducing protein expressions of iNOS and COX-2 and the production of the inflflammation factors, including TNF-α, IL-6, NO and PGE2, mainly through inhibition of LPS-mediated stimulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mothana RA. Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of the endemic Soqotraen Boswellia elongata Balf. f. and Jatropha unicostata Balf. f. in different experimental models. Food Chem Toxicol 2011;49:2594–2599.
Lee HS, Bilehal D, Lee GS, Ryu DS, Kim HK, Suk DH, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of the hexane fraction from Orostachys japonicus in RAW 264.7 cells by suppression of NF-κB and PI3K-Akt signaling. J Funct Foods 2013;5:1217–1225.
Lu Y, Suh SJ, Kwak CH, Kwon KM, Seo CS, Li Y, et al. Saucerneol F, a new lignan, inhibits iNOS expression via MAPKs, NF-κB and AP-1 inactivation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2012;12:175–181.
Lisardo B, Miriam ZN, Paqui GT, Sonsoles H. Nitric oxide and cell viability in inflammatory cells: a role for NO in macrophage function and fate. Toxicology 2005;208:249–258.
Li XQ, Xu W. TLR4-mediated activation of macrophages by the polysaccharide fraction from Polyporus umbellatus (pers.) Fries. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;135:1–6.
Food and Drug Administratio of Guizhou Provine. Quality standard of Chinese herbal medicine in Guizhou Province. Guiyang: Guizhou Science and Technology Press;2003:381.
Zhang YH, Wang FP. Recent advances of chemical constituents of Periploca plants. Nat Prod Res Dev 2003;15:157–161.
Feng JQ, Zhang RJ, Zhou Y, Chen ZH, Tang W, Liu QF, et al. Immunosuppressive pregnane glycosides from Periploca sepium and Periploca forrestiiv. Phytochemistry 2008;69:2716–2723.
Gan XH, Zhou X, Zhao C, Chen HG. The research progress on the chemical component and the pharmacologyaction of Periploca Forrestii Schltr. Guangdong Chem Industry 2012;39:20–21.
Liu XB, Yang BX, Zhang L, Lu YZ, Gong MH, Tian JK. An in vivo and in vitro assessment of the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and immunomodulatory activities of Clematis terniflora DC. extract, participation of aurantiamide acetate. J Ethnopharmacol 2015;169:287–294.
Yan WX, Zhang JH, Zhang Y, Meng DL, Yan D. Anti-inflammatory activity studies on the stems and roots of Jasminum lanceolarium Roxb. J Ethnopharmacol 2015;171:335–341.
Kim KN, Ko YJ, Yang HM, Ham YMi, Roh SW, Jeon YJ, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of essential oil and its constituents from fingered citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis) through blocking JNK, ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPSactivated RAW 264.7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013;57:126–131.
Maity B, Yadav SK, Patro BS, Tyagi M, Bandyopadhyay SK, Chattopadhyay S. Molecular mechanism of the antiinfl ammatory activity of a natural diarylnonanoid, malabaricone C. Free Radic Bio Med 2012;52:1680–1691.
Shi QH, Cao JJ, Fang L, Zhao HY, Liu ZX, Ran JH, et al. Geniposide suppresses LPS-induced nitric oxide, PGE2 and inflammatorycytokine by downregulating NF-κB, MAPK and AP-1 signaling pathways in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2014;20:298–306.
Chun J, Choi RJ, Khan S, Lee DS, Kim YC, Nam YJ, et al. Alantolactone suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by down-regulating NF-κB, MAPK and AP-1 via the MyD88 signaling pathway in LPSactivated RAW 264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2012;14:375–383.
Tao JY, Zheng GH, Zhao L, Wu JG, Zhang XY, Zhang SL, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl acetate fraction from Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;123:97–105.
Dringen R. Oxidative and antioxidative potential of brain microglial cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2005;7:1223–1233.
Himaya SWA, Ryu BM, Qian ZJ, Kim SK. Paeonol from Hippocampus kuda Bleeler suppressed the neuro-inflammatory responses in vitro via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 2012;26:878–887.
Chakraborty JB, Mann DA. NF-κB signaling: embracing complexity to achieve translation. J Hepatol 2010;52:285–291.
Hu B, Zhang H, Meng XL, Wang F, Wang P. Aloe-emodin fromrhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) inhibits lipopolysaccharideinduced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol 2014;153:846–853.
Lee HS, Ryu DS, Lee GS, Lee DS. Anti-inflammatory effects of dichloromethane fraction from Orostachys japonicas in RAW 264.7 cells: suppression of NF-κB activation and MAPK signal. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;140:271–276.
Jin, M, Suh SJ, Yang JH, Lu Y, Kim SJ, Kwon SY, et al. Antiinflammatory activity of bark of Dioscorea batatas DECNE through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 cells via NF-κB and ERK1/2 inactivation. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:3073–3079.
Shin HS, Satsu H, Bae MJ, Zhao ZH, Ogiwara H, Totsuka M, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of chlorogenic acid on the IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells and the dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis symptoms in C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem 2015;168:167–175.
Guo YJ, Luo T, Wu F, Mei YW, Peng J, Liu H, et al. Involvement of TLR2 and TLR9 in the anti-inflammatory effects of chlorogenic acid in HSV-1-infected microglia. Life Sci 2015;127:12–18.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81460641, No. 81660691)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dong, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, X. et al. In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol fraction from Periploca forrestii Schltr.. Chin. J. Integr. Med. 23, 528–534 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-017-2803-3
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-017-2803-3