Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Herbal Medicines Prevent the Development of Atopic Dermatitis by Multiple Mechanisms

  • Review
  • Published:
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is among the most common skin disorders in humans. Although a variety of regimens are available for the treatment of AD, preventive approaches are limited. Recent studies have demonstrated that certain naturally-occurring herbal medicines are effective in preventing the development of AD via divergent mechanisms, such as inhibiting cytokine and chemokine expression, IgE production, inflammatory cell infiltration, histamine release, and/or enhancement of epidermal permeability barrier function. Yet, they exhibit few adverse effects. Since herbal medicines are widely available, inexpensive and generally safe, they could represent an ideal approach for preventing the development of AD, in both highly developed and developing countries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Man MQ, Hatano Y, Lee SH, et al. Characterization of a hapten–induced, murine model with multiple features of atopic dermatitis: structural, immunologic, and biochemical changes following single versus multiple oxazolone challenges. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:79–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Scharschmidt TC, Man MQ, Hatano Y, et al. Filaggrin deficiency confers a paracellular barrier abnormality that reduces inflammatory thresholds to irritants and haptens. J Allerg Clin Immunol 2009;124:496–506.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Brandt C, Pavlovic V, Radbruch A. Low–dose cyclosporine A therapy increases the regulatory T cell population in patients with atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2009;64:1588–1596.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hijnen DJ, ten Berge O, Timmer–de Mik L, et al. Efficacy and safety of long–term treatment with cyclosporin A for atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007;21:85–89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Jacob SE. Cyclosporin ophthalmic emulsion—a novel therapy for benzyl alcohol–associated eyelid dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2008;58:169–170.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Ruzicka T, Bieber T, Schöpf E, et al. A short–term trial of tacrolimus ointment for atopic dermatitis. European Tacrolimus Multicenter Atopic Dermatitis Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997;337:816–821.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hanifin JM, Ling MR, Langley R, et al. Tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult patients: part, efficacy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44(1 Suppl):S28–S38.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Boguniewicz M, Fiedler VC, Raimer S, et al. A randomized, vehiclecontrolled trial of tacrolimus ointment for treatment of atopic dermatitis in children. Pediatric Tacrolimus Study Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102(4 Pt 1):637–644.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kang S, Lucky AW, Pariser D, et al. Long–term safety and efficacy of tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44(1 Suppl):S58–S64.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Jacobi A, Antoni C, Manger B, et al. Infliximab in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;2(3 Pt 1):522–526.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cassano N, Loconsole F, Coviello C, et al. Infliximab in recalcitrant severe atopic eczema associated with contact allergy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2006;19:237–240.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Yang XG, Chen DY, Lin J, et al. Modulatory effect of the oral liquid expelling wind and stopping itching on Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with dermatitis and eczema. Chin J Dermatovenereol (Chin) 2005;19:307–308.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Shang JW. Surveying the curative effect on the Ointment of Qi Shen Lian to treat the eczema of the dermatitis. Chin J Dermatovenereol (Chin) 2007;21:448–448.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang XM, Lu DH, Zhang XM. Clinical observation of the therapeutic effect of Jinzhi Jieyin Gargle on patients with dermatitis and eczema. Chin J Dermatovenereol (Chin) 2006;20:220–221.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Man MQ, Shi Y, Man M, et al, et al. Chinese herbal medicine (Tuhuai extract) exhibits topical anti–proliferative and anti–inflammatory activity in murine disease models. Exp Dermatol 2008;17:681–687.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Man W, Man M, Hupe M, et al. Topical herbal extract (Huangdang mixture) exhibits both preventive and therapeutic effects in murine acute irritant contact dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 2011;50:1421–1427.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Li YE, Huang HJ. Clinical observation on the efficacy of topical aloe on the prevention of contact dermatitis in patients with arteriovenous internal fistula. Attend Pract Res (Chin) 2009;6(22):97.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Xie ZM, Xie ZJ. In–house preparation of Fu'an Oil prevents the development of contact dermatitis: a study of 250 cases. Clin J Trad Chin Med (Chin) 2004;16:567–568.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Liao RY, He Y, Meng W, et al. Clinical observation on the efficacy of Radix Arnebiae ointment in the prevention of contact dermatitisinduced by drug: a 38 case studies. Hebei J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2013;35:517–518

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ye JQ, Zheng CX. Clinical observation of MEBO in the prevention of infant diaper dermatitis in 165 cases. Zhejiang J Trad Chin Med (Chin) 2010;45:272.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Park DK, Lee YG, Park HJ. Extract of Rhus verniciflua Bark suppresses 2,4–dinitrofluorobenzene–induced allergic contact dermatitis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:879696.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Lim HS, Seo CS, Ha H, et al. Effect of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata on house dust mite–induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:705167.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Jin H, He R, Oyoshi M, Geha RS. Animal models of atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2009;129:31–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Suto H, Matsuda H, Mitsuishi K, et al. NC/Nga mice: a mouse model for atopic dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1999;120(S1):70–75.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Collantes TM, Rho MC, Kwon HJ, et al. Azuki bean (Vigna angularis ) extract inhibits the development of experimentally induced atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Food Chem 2012;132:1269–1275.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Yano S, Umeda D, Yamashita S, et al. Dietary apigenin attenuates the development of atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. J Nutr Biochem 2009;20:876–881.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Choi JJ, Park B, Kim DH, et al. Blockade of atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions by DA–9102, a natural medicine isolated from Actinidia arguta, in the Mg–deficiency induced dermatitis model of hairless rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008;233:1026–1234.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Lee HS, Kim SK, Han JB, et al. Inhibitory effects of Rumex japonicus houtt on the development of atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Br J Dermatol 2006;155:33–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Matsumoto M, Kotani M, Fujita A, et al. Oral administration of persimmon leaf extract ameliorates skin symptoms and transepidermal water loss in atopic dermatitis model mice, NC/Nga. Br J Dermatol 2002;146:221–227.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kim J, Kim Y, Seo D, et al. Oral supplementation of Lithospermum erythrorhizon prevents the development of atopic dermatitis with reducing ceramide degradation in the epidermis of NC/Nga mice. Phytother Res 2009;23:1250–1256.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Han NR, Moon PD, Kim HM, et al. Effect of Pyeongwee–San (KMP6) on 2,4–dinitrofluorobenzene–induced atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Life Sci 2012;90:147–153.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lim H, Lee JH, Kim J, et al. Effects of the rhizomes of Atractylodes japonica and atractylenolide I on allergic response and experimental atopic dermatitis. Arch Pharm Res 2012;35:2007–2012.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Lee SJ, Oh SG, Seo SW, et al. Oral administration of Astragalus membranaceus inhibits the development of DNFB–induced dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2007;30:1468–1471.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Lee H, Ha H, Lee JK, et al. The fruits of Cudrania tricuspidata suppress development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Phytother Res 2012;26:594–599.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Kim JY, Lee IK, Son MW, et al. Effects of orally administered Actinidia arguta (Hardy Kiwi) fruit extract on 2–chloro–1,3,5–trinitrobenzeneinduced atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. J Med Food 2009;12:1004–1015.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Park EJ, Park KC, Eo H, et al. Suppression of spontaneous dermatitis in NC/Nga murine model by PG102 isolated from Actinidia arguta. J Invest Dermatol 2007;127:1154–1160.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Funakushi N, Yamaguchi T, Jiang J, et al. Ameliorating effect of Yokukansan on the development of atopic dermatitis–like lesions and scratching behavior in socially isolated NC/Nga mice. Arch Dermatol Res 2011;303:659–667.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Cho E, Cho SH. Effects of Korean red ginseng extract on the prevention of atopic dermatitis and its mechanism on early lesions in a murine model. J Ethnopharmacol 2013;145:294–302.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Lee H, Lee JK, Ha H, et al. Angelicae Dahuricae Radix inhibits dust mite extract–Induced atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:743075.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Kim TH, Kim GD, Ahn HJ, et al. The inhibitory effect of naringenin on atopic dermatitis induced by DNFB in NC/Nga mice. Life Sci 2013;93:516–524.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Jang AH, Kim TH, Kim GD, et al. Rosmarinic acid attenuates 2,4–dinitrofluorobenzene–induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2011;11:1271–1277.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Park EJ, Kim B, Eo H, et al. Control of IgE and selective T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines by PG102 isolated from Actinidia arguta. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116:1151–1157.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Jiang J, Yamaguchi T, Funakushi N, et al. Oral administration of Yokukansan inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis–like lesions in isolated NC/Nga mice. J Dermatol Sci 2009;56:37–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kim DY, Jung JA, Kim TH, et al. Oral administration of Uncariae rhynchophylla inhibits the development of DNFB–induced atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions via IFN–gamma down–regulation in NC/Nga mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;122:567–572.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Choi MS, Kim EC, Lee HS, et al. Inhibitory effects of Saururus chinensis (LOUR.) BAILL on the development of atopic dermatitislike skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2008;31:51–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kim EC, Lee HS, Kim SK, et al. The bark of Betula platyphylla var. japonica inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;116:270–278.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Zheng H, Jeong Y, Song J, et al. Oral administration of ginsenoside Rh1 inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions induced by oxazolone in hairless mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2011;11:511–518.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Pokharel YR, Lim SC, Kim SC, et al. Sopungyangjae–tang inhibits development of dermatitis in nc/nga mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2008;5:173–180.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Choi JH, Han EH, Park BH, et al. Platycodi Radix suppresses development of atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2012;33:446–452.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Yang G, Lee K, Lee MH, et al. Inhibitory effects of Chelidonium majus extract on atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;138:398–403.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Sugiyama A, Hata S, Suzuki K, et al. Oral administration of paramylon, a beta–1,3–D–glucan isolated from Euglena gracilis Z inhibits development of atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. J Vet Med Sci 2010;72:755–763.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Kang JS, Yoon WK, Han MH, et al. Inhibition of atopic dermatitis by topical application of silymarin in NC/Nga mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2008;8:1475–1480.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Choi EJ, Lee S, Kim HH, et al. Suppression of dust mite extract and 2,4–dinitrochlorobenzene–induced atopic dermatitis by the water extract of Lindera obtusiloba. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;137:802–807.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Lee JK, Ha H, Lee HY, et al. Inhibitory effects of heartwood extracts of Broussonetia kazinoki Sieb on the development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010;74:1802–1806.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Sung YY, Yang WK, Lee AY, et al. Topical application of an ethanol extract prepared from Illicium verum suppresses atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;144:151–159.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Sung YY, Kim DS, Yang WK, et al. Inhibitory effects of Drynaria fortunei extract on house dust mite antigen–induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;144:94–100.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Ngatu NR, Okajima MK, Yokogawa M, et al. Anti–allergic effects of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts in hapten–induced atopic dermatitis–like disease in mice. Allergol Int 2012;61:597–607.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Yuan XY, Ma HM, Li RZ, et al. Topical application of aloperine improves 2,4–dinitrofluorobenzene–induced atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2011;658:263–269.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Choi JH, Kim HG, Jin SW, et al. Topical application of Pleurotus eryngii extracts inhibits 2,4–dinitrochlorobenzene–induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice by the regulation of Th1/Th2 balance. Food Chem Toxicol 2013;53:38–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Hwang JS, Kim JE, Kim HT, et al. Topical application of Taglisodogeum inhibits the development of experimental atopic dermatitis. J Ethnopharmacol 2013;145:536–546.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Sung YY, Yoon T, Jang JY, et al. Inhibitory effects of Cinnamomum cassia extract on atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions induced by mite antigen in NC/Nga mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;133(2):621–628.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Sung YY, Yoon T, Jang JY, et al. Topical application of Rehmannia glutinosa extract inhibits mite allergen–induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;134:37–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Choi JH, Jin SW, Park BH, et al. Cultivated ginseng inhibits 2,4–dinitrochlorobenzene–induced atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice and TNF–α/IFN–γ–induced TARC activation in HaCaT cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013;56:195–203.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Kim DW, Park JY, Na GY, et al. Correlation of clinical features and skin barrier function in adolescent and adult patients with atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 2006;45:698–701.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Addor FA, Takaoka R, Rivitti EA, et al. Atopic dermatitis: correlation between non–damaged skin barrier function and disease activity. Int J Dermatol 2012;51:672–676.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Knor T, Meholji–Fetahovi A, Mehmedagi A. Stratum corneum hydration and skin surface pH in patients with atopic dermatitis. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2011;19:242–247.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Lee JH, Jung KM, Bae IH, Cho S, Seo DB, Lee SJ, et al. Antiinflammatory and barrier protecting effect of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts in chronic oxazolone–induced murine atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2009:56:64–66.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Qi XF, Kim DH, Yoon YS, et al. Effects of Bambusae caulis in Liquamen on the development of atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in hairless mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;123:195–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Simpson E, Böhling A, Bielfeldt S, et al. Improvement of skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis patients with a new moisturizer containing a ceramide precursor. J Dermatolog Treat 2013;24:122–125.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Sugawara T, Kikuchi K, Tagami H, et al. Decreased lactate and potassium levels in natural moisturizing factor from the stratum corneum of mild atopic dermatitis patients are involved with the reduced hydration state. J Dermatol Sci 2012;66:154–159.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Romagnani S. Biology of human TH1 and TH2 cells. J Clin Immunol 1995;15:121–129.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Grewe M, Bruijnzeel–Koomen CA, Schöpf E, et al. A role for Th1 and Th2 cells in the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Immunol Today 1998;19:359–361.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Di Cesare A, Di Meglio P, Nestle FO. A role for Th17 cells in the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis? J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:2569–2571.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Jee HM, Kim KW, Hong JY, et al. Increased serum B cell–activating factor level in children with atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010;35:593–598.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Yanaba K, Kamata M, Asano Y, et al. CD19 expression in B cells regulates atopic dermatitis in a mouse model. Am J Pathol 2013;182:2214–2222.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Masuda A, Yoshikai Y, Aiba K, et al. Th2 cytokine production from mast cells is directly induced by lipopolysaccharide and distinctly regulated by c–Jun N–terminal kinase and p38 pathways. J Immunol 2002;169:3801–3810.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Wei JF, Wei XL, Mo YZ, et al. Induction of mast cell accumulation, histamine release and skin edema by N49 phospholipase A2. BMC Immunol 2009;10:21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Kim HH, Choi PH, Yoo JS, et al. Ripe fruit of Rubus coreanus inhibits mast cell–mediated allergic inflammation. Int J Mol Med 2012;29:303–310.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Suárez–Fariñas M, Dhingra N, Gittler J, et al. Intrinsic atopic dermatitis shows similar TH2 and higher TH17 immune activation compared with extrinsic atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;132:361–370.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  80. Liu FT, Goodarzi H, Chen HY. IgE, mast cells, and eosinophils in atopic dermatitis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2011;41:298–310.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Jin JH, Ngoc TM, Bae K, et al. Inhibition of experimental atopic dermatitis by rhubarb (rhizomes of Rheum tanguticum) and 5–lipoxygenase inhibition of its major constituent, emodin. Phytother Res 2011;25:755–759.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Lee J, Noh G, Lee S, et al. Atopic dermatitis and cytokines: recent patents in immunoregulatory and therapeutic implications of cytokines in atopic dermatitis—part: cytokines in atopic dermatitis. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2012;6:222–247.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Yamanaka K, Mizutani H. The role of cytokines/chemokines in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Curr Probl Dermatol 2011;41:80–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Chen L, Martinez O, Overbergh L, et al. Early up–regulation of Th2 cytokines and late surge of Th1 cytokines in an atopic dermatitis model. Clin Exp Immunol 2004;138:375–387.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Numerof RP, Asadullah K. Cytokine and anti–cytokine therapies for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Bio Drugs 2006;20:93–103.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Stevceva L. Cytokines and their antagonists as therapeutic agents. Curr Med Chem 2002;9:2201–2207.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Isomaki P, Luukkainen R, Saario R, et al. Interleukin–10 functions as an antiinflammatory cytokine in rheumatoid synovium. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:386–395.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Makino T, Hamanaka M, Yamashita H, et al. Effect of bakumijiogan, an herbal formula in traditional Chinese medicine, on atopic dermatitislike skin lesions induced by mite antigen in NC/Jic mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2008;31:2108–2113.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Man MQ, Hupe M, Sun R, et al. Topical apigenin alleviates cutaneous inflammation in murine models. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:912028.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  90. Gros E, Bussmann C, Bieber T, et al. Expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in lesional and nonlesional upper skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124:753–760.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Pivarcsi A, Homey B. Chemokine networks in atopic dermatitis: traffic signals of disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2005;5:284–290.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Ying S, Meng Q, Barata LT, Kay AB. Macrophage inflammatory protein–1alpha and C–C chemokine receptor–1 in allergen–induced skin late–phase reactions: relationship to macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and T lymphocytes. Clin Exp Allergy 2001;31:1724–1731.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Kaburagi Y, Shimada Y, Nagaoka T, et al. Enhanced production of CCchemokines (RANTES, MCP–1, MIP–1alpha, MIP–1beta, and eotaxin) in patients with atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 2001;293:350–355.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Bisset LR, Schmid–Grendelmeier P. Chemokines and their receptors in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma: progress and perspective. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2005;11:35–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Belperio JA, Dy M, Murray L, et al. The role of the Th2CC chemokine ligand CCL17 in pulmonary fibrosis. J Immunol 2004;173:4692–4698.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Yamada H, Chihara J, Matsukura M, et al. Elevated plasma RANTES levels in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Clin Lab Immunol 1996;48:87–91.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Shimada Y, Takehara K, Sato S. Both Th2 and Th1 chemokines (TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, and Mig/CXCL9) are elevated in sera from patients with atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2004;34:201–208.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Fujisawa T, Nagao M, Hiraguchi Y, et al. Serum measurement of thymus and activation–regulated chemokine/CCL17 in children with atopic dermatitis: elevated normal levels in infancy and age–specific analysis in atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2009;20:633–641.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Hayashida S, Uchi H, Takeuchi S, et al. Significant correlation of serum IL–22 levels with CCL17 levels in atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2011;61:78–79.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Hokazono H, Omori T, Ono K. Effects of single and combined administration of fermented barley extract and gamma–aminobutyric acid on the development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010;74:135–139.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Angeli V, Staumont D, Charbonnier A, et al. Activation of the D prostanoid receptor 1 regulates immune and skin allergic responses. J Immunol 2004;172:3822.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Eckl–Dorna J, Niederberger V. What is the source of serum allergenspecific IgE? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013;13:281–287.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Eckl–Dorna J, Pree I, Reisinger J, et al. The majority of allergen–specific IgE in the blood of allergic patients does not originate from bloodderived B cells or plasma cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2012;42:1347–1355.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Frandsen PM, Krohn IJ, Hoffmann HJ, et al. The influence of IgE on cultured human mast cells. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2013;5:409–414.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  105. Ring J, Bieber T, Vieluf D, et al. Atopic eczema, Langerhans cells and allergy. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1991;94:194–201.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Bieber T. The pro–and anti–inflammatory properties of human antigen–presenting cells expressing the high affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RI). Immunobiology 2007;212:499–503.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Amaral MM, Davio C, Ceballos A, et al. Histamine improves antigen uptake and cross–presentation by dendritic cells. J Immunol 2007;179:3425–3433.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Jutel M, Watanabe T, Klunker S, et al. Histamine regulates T–cell and antibody responses by differential expression of H1 and H2 receptors. Nature 2001;413:420–425.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Gutzmer R, Mommert S, Gschwandtner M, et al. The histamine H4 receptor is functionally expressed on T(H)2 cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;123:619–625.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Schäfer T, Heinrich J, Wjst M, et al. Association between severity of atopic eczema and degree of sensitization to aeroallergens in schoolchildren. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:1280–1284.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Hatano Y, Man MQ, Uchida Y, et al. Maintenance of an acidic stratum corneum prevents emergence of murine atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2009;129:1824–1835.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  112. Iguchi T, Kawata A, Watanabe T, et al. Fermented barley extract suppresses the development of atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice, probably by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009;73:489–493.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Abeck D, Mempel M. Staphylococcus aureus colonization in atopic dermatitis and its therapeutic implications. Br J Dermatol 1998;139(S53):13–16.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Nagashio Y, Matsuura Y, Miyamoto J, et al. Hesperidin inhibits development of atopic dermatitis–like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by suppressing Th17 activity. J Funct Foods 2013;5:1633–1641.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Gong JQ, Lin L, Lin T, et al. Skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in patients with eczema and atopic dermatitis and relevant combined topical therapy: a double–blind multicentre randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2006;155:680–687.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Lesiak A, Smolewski P, Sobolewska–Sztychny D, et al. The role of T–regulatory cells and Toll–like receptors 2 and 4 in atopic dermatitis. Scand J Immunol 2012;76:405–410.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Sakai T, Kogiso M, Mitsuya K, et al. Defect of toll–like receptor 9–mediated activation in NC/Nga mouse macrophages. Immunol Lett 2006;106:91–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Kuo IH, Carpenter–Mendini A, Yoshida T, et al. Activation of epidermal toll–like receptor 2 enhances tight junction function: implications for atopic dermatitis and skin barrier repair. J Invest Dermatol 2013;133:988–998.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Yimin Kohanawa M, Zhao S, et al. Contribution of Toll–like receptor 2 to the innate response against staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. PLoS One 2013;8:e74287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Fournier B. The function of TLR2 during staphylococcal diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012;2:167.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Stenzel W, Soltek S, Sanchez–Ruiz M, et al. Both TLR2 and TLR4 are required for the effective immune response in Staphylococcus aureus–induced experimental murine brain abscess. Am J Pathol 2008;172:132–145.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  122. Parker D, Prince A. Staphylococcus aureus induces type IFN signaling in dendritic cells via TLR9. J Immunol 2012;189:4040–4046.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  123. Singer KH, Le PT, Denning SM, et al. The role of adhesion molecules in epithelial–T–cell interactions in thymus and skin. J Invest Dermatol 1990;94(6S):85S–90S.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Goebeler M, Gutwald J, Roth J, et al. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule–1 in murine allergic contact dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1990;93:294–299.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Johnson LA, Clasper S, Holt AP, et al. An inflammation–induced mechanism for leukocyte transmigration across lymphatic vessel endothelium. J Exp Med 2006;203:2763–2777.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA, 94121, USA

    Mao-qiang Man & Peter M. Elias

  2. Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA

    Mao-qiang Man & Peter M. Elias

  3. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China

    Li-zhi Hu

Authors
  1. Mao-qiang Man
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Li-zhi Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Peter M. Elias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Supported by the National Institute of Health, USA (No. AR061106), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA (No. VA Merit-1 101BX000608), National Eczema Association, and National Science Foundation of China (No. 81301360)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Man, Mq., Hu, Lz. & Elias, P.M. Herbal Medicines Prevent the Development of Atopic Dermatitis by Multiple Mechanisms. Chin. J. Integr. Med. 25, 151–160 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-015-2438-1

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-015-2438-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation