Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Aqueous extracts of Ocimum grasstimum inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 expression in airway epithelial cell BEAS-2B

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the antiinflammatory activities of aqueous extract of Occimum gratissmium (OGE) with emphasis on expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated epithelial cell BEAS-2B.

Methods

Effects of OGE on cell viability were determined by MTT assay. mRNA expression were analyzed by and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR. Activation of kinase cascades was investigated by immunoblot. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results

OGE (<200 μg/mL) treatment or pretreatment and following LPS exposure slightly affected viability of BEAS-2B cells. Increase of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and the elevated level of intracellular ROS in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells were diminished by OGE pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner. OGE suppressed inflammatory response-associated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt activation. Additionally, OGE pretreatment increased level of cellular inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).

Conclusion

These findings indicate that significant suppression of IL-6 and IL-8 expressions in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells by OGE may be attributed to inhibiting activation of MAPKs and Akt and consequently suppressing nuclear translocation of NF-κB.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Gupta SK, Prakash J, Srivastava S. Validation of traditional claim of Tulsi, Ocimum sanctum Linn. as a medicinal plant. Indian J Exp Biol 2002;40:765–773.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Prakash J, Gupta SK. Chemopreventive activity of Ocimum sanctum seed oil. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;72:29–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Giday M, Teklehaymanot T, Animut A, Mekonnen Y. Medicinal plants of the Shinasha, Agew-awi and Amhara peoples in northwest Ethiopia. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;110:516–525.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Teklehaymanot T, Giday M, Medhin G, Mekonnen Y. Knowledge and use of medicinal plants by people around Debre Libanos monastery in Ethiopia. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;111:271–283.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Makonnen E, Debella A, Zerihun L, Abebe D, Teka F. Antipyretic properties of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the leaves of Ocimum suave and Ocimum lamiifolium in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;88:85–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Schutte BC, McCray PB Jr. [beta]-defensins in lung host defense. Annu Rev Physiol 2002;64:709–748.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Michel O, Dentener M, Corazza F, Buurman W, Rylander R. Healthy subjects express differences in clinical responses to inhaled lipopolysaccharide that are related with inflammation and with atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:797–804.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Quay JL, Reed W, Samet J, Devlin RB. Air pollution particles induce IL-6 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells via NF-kappaB activation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1998;19:98–106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Pechkovsky DV, Zissel G, Ziegenhagen MW, Einhaus M, Taube C, Rabe, KF, et al. Effect of proinflammatory cytokines on interleukin-8 mRNA expression and protein production by isolated human alveolar epithelial cells type II in primary culture. Eur Cytokine Netw 2000;11:618–625.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kastner PE, Casset A, Pons F. Formaldehyde interferes with airway epithelium integrity and functions in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Toxicol Lett 2011;200:109–116.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Baeuerle PA, Henkel T. Function and activation of NF-kappaB in the immune system. Annu Rev Immunol 1994;12:141–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Natarajan R, Fisher BJ, Jones DG, Ghosh S, Fowler AA 3rd. Reoxygenating microvascular endothelium exhibits temporal dissociation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2002;32:1033–1045.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rahman I, Marwick J, Kirkham P. Redox modulation of chromatin remodeling: impact on histone acetylation and deacetylation, NF-kappaB and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2004;68:1255–1267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Schreck R, Albermann K, Baeuerle PA. Nuclear factor kappa B: an oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor of eukaryotic cells (a review). Free Radic Res Commun 1992;17:221–237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Schreck R, Rieber P, Baeuerle PA. Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF-kappaB transcription factor and HIV-1. EMBO J 1991;10:2247–2258.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Pinkus R, Weiner LM, Daniel V. Role of oxidants and antioxidants in the induction of AP-1, NF-kappaB, and glutathione S-transferase gene expression. J Biol Chem 1996;271:13422–13429.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen YC, Lu PH, Pan SL, Teng CM, Kuo SC, Lin TP, et al. Quinolone analogue inhibits tubulin polymerization and induces apoptosis via Cdk1-involved signaling pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2007;74:10–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Lee MJ, Chen HM, Tzang BS, Lin CW, Wang CJ, Liu JY, et al. Ocimum gratissimum aqueous extract protects H9c2 myocardiac cells from H2O2-induced cell apoptosis through Akt signalling. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011;2011:578060.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Chen HM, Lee MJ, Kuo CY, Tsai PL, Liu JY, Kao SH. Ocimum gratissimum aqueous extract induces apoptotic signalling in lung adenocarcinoma cell A549. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011;2011:739093.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Jung WK, Lee DY, Choi YH, Yea SS, Choi I, Park SG, et al. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester attenuates allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in murine model of ovalbumin-induced asthma. Life Sci 2008;82:797–805.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Liao YR, Hsu JY, Chu JJ, Fu LS. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses the induction of eotaxin in human lung fibroblast cells. J Asthma 2010;47:233–237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Nosratabadi AR, Ljungman AG, Lindahl M, Welch R, Pilon A, Tagesson C. Clara cell 10-KDA protein inhibits endotoxin-induced airway contraction in isolated perfused rat lungs. Exp Lung Res 2003;29:455–473.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Jeffery PK. Remodeling and inflammation of bronchi in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2004;1:176–183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Asokananthan N, Graham PT, Fink J, Knight DA, Bakker AJ, McWilliam AS, et al. Activation of protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1, PAR-2, and PAR-4 stimulates IL-6, IL-8, and prostaglandin E2 release from human respiratory epithelial cells. J Immunol 2002;168:3577–3585.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Graness A, Chwieralski CE, Reinhold D, Thim L, Hoffmann W. Protein kinase C and ERK activation are required for TFF-peptide-stimulated bronchial epithelial cell migration and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 secretion. J Biol Chem 2002;277:18440–18446.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Moghaddam SJ, Clement CG, De la Garza MM, Zou X, Travis EL, Young HW, et al. Haemophilus influenzae lysate induces aspects of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotype. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008;38:629–638.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Saetta M, Di Stefano A, Turato G, Facchini FM, Corbino L, Mapp CE, et al. CD8+ T-lymphocytes in peripheral airways of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:822–826.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Barnes PJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2000;343:269–280.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hodge DR, Hurt EM, Farrar WL. The role of IL-6 and STAT3 in inflammation and cancer. Eur J Cancer 2005;41:2502–2512.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ochoa CE, Mirabolfathinejad SG, Ruiz VA, Evans SE, Gagea M, Evans CM, et al. Interleukin 6, but not T helper 2 cytokines, promotes lung carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011;4:51–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Naugler WE, Sakurai T, Kim S, Maeda S, Kim K, Elsharkawy AM, et al. Gender disparity in liver cancer due to sex differences in MyD88-dependent IL-6 production. Science 2007;317:121–124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Baggiolini M, Dewald B, Moser B. Interleukin-8 and related chemotactic cytokines—CXC and CC chemokines. Adv Immunol 1994;55:97–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Strieter RM, Belperio JA, Keane MP. Cytokines in innate host defense in the lung. J Clin Invest 2002;109:699–705.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hill AT, Bayley D, Stockley RA. The interrelationship of sputum inflammatory markers in patients with chronic bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:893–898.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Benson M, Strannegard IL, Wennergren G, Strannegard O. Interleukin-5 and interleukin-8 in relation to eosinophils and neutrophils in nasal fluids from school children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1999;10:178–185.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Chow AW, Liang JF, Wong JS, Fu Y, Tang NL, Ko WH. Polarized secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 by human airway epithelia 16HBE14o-cells in response to cationic polypeptide challenge. PLoS One 2010;5:e12091.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Garcia-Lafuente A, Guillamon E, Villares A, Rostagno MA, Martinez JA. Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: implications in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Inflamm Res 2009;58:537–552.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Douillet CD, Robinson WP 3rd, Milano PM, Boucher RC, Rich PB. Nucleotides induce IL-6 release from human airway epithelia via P2Y2 and p38 MAPK-dependent pathways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006;291:L734–L746.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Wang CB, Wong CK, Ip WK, Li ML, Tian YP, Lam CW. Induction of IL-6 in co-culture of bronchial epithelial cells and eosinophils is regulated by p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB. Allergy 2005;60:1378–1385.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Liu K, Gualano RC, Hibbs ML, Anderson GP, Bozinovski S. Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling to Erk1/2 and STATs control the intensity of the epithelial inflammatory responses to rhinovirus infection. J Biol Chem 2008;283:9977–9985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Page K, Strunk VS, Hershenson MB. Cockroach proteases increase IL-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells via activation of protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;112:1112–1118.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Profita M, Bonanno A, Siena L, Ferraro M, Montalbano AM, Pompeo F, et al. Acetylcholine mediates the release of IL-8 in human bronchial epithelial cells by a NF-κB/ERK-dependent mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol 2008;582:145–153.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Makarov SS. NF-kappaB as a therapeutic target in chronic inflammation: recent advances. Mol Med Today 2000;6:441–448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Blau H, Klein K, Shalit I, Halperin D, Fabian I. Moxifloxacin but not ciprofloxacin or azithromycin selectively inhibits IL-8, IL-6, ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-kappaB activation in a cystic fibrosis epithelial cell line. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007;292:L343–L352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sugiura H, Ichinose M. Oxidative and nitrative stress in bronchial asthma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008;10:785–797.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, The Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China

    Ze-long Jiao  (焦泽龙), Zi-gang Zhao  (赵梓纲), Dan Liu  (刘 丹), Bi-wen Lin  (林碧雯) & Heng-jin Li  (李恒进)

  2. Department of Dermatology, The Navy Headquarters Clinic, Beijing, 100039, China

    Ze-long Jiao  (焦泽龙)

  3. Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China

    Lei Li  (李 蕾)

Authors
  1. Ze-long Jiao  (焦泽龙)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lei Li  (李 蕾)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zi-gang Zhao  (赵梓纲)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dan Liu  (刘 丹)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Bi-wen Lin  (林碧雯)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Heng-jin Li  (李恒进)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heng-jin Li  (李恒进).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jiao, Zl., Li, L., Zhao, Zg. et al. Aqueous extracts of Ocimum grasstimum inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 expression in airway epithelial cell BEAS-2B. Chin. J. Integr. Med. 19, 741–748 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-012-1251-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-012-1251-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation