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Onkologische Notfälle im Behandlungsalltag

Oncologic emergencies in everyday treatment

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best practice onkologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Erkrankungs- oder therapiebedingte akute Gefahren für Krebspatienten werden unter dem Begriff der „onkologischen Notfälle“ zusammengefasst. Diese zu erkennen und umgehend adäquat zu behandeln, ist wesentlich für jeden onkologisch tätigen Arzt. Darüber hinaus können in bestimmten Situationen durch entsprechende Risikostratifizierung im Rahmen der Diagnosestellung geeignete Präventivmaßnahmen erfolgen, um die Entwicklung einer Notfallsituation zu verhindern. In diesem Beitrag wird auf eine Auswahl häufiger Komplikationen (Tumorlysesyndrom, tumorassoziierte Hyperkalzämie, Hirnödem/erhöhter Hirndruck bei Hirnmetastasen/hirneigenem Tumor) eingegangen, um einen Überblick über Symptome, diagnostische Maßnahmen und Therapiegrundsätze zu vermitteln.

Abstract

Disease- or treatment-related acute events in cancer patients are summarized under the term “oncologic emergencies.” Their recognition, with timely initiation of treatment, is crucial for patients and practicing oncologists. In certain situations, this awareness allows risk stratification during diagnosis, with initiation of preventive and prophylactic measures to prevent development of an oncologic emergency. This article aims to provide insight into three common complications (tumor lysis syndrome, malignancy-related hypercalcemia, and cerebral edema/elevated intracranial pressure due to brain metastases/brain tumor), with an overview of symptoms, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Krankenhaus Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Röntgenstr. 01, 06120, Halle (Dölau), Deutschland

    Ulrike Nitschke &  Wolfgang Schütte

  2. Gemeinschaftspraxis und Tagesklinik Hämatologie und Onkologie, Niemeyerstr. 22, 06110, Halle (Saale), Deutschland

    Timo Behlendorf

  3. Vorsitzende der AGSMO, Fachärztin für Strahlentherapie, Berlin, Deutschland

    Petra Feyer

Authors
  1. Ulrike Nitschke
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  2. Timo Behlendorf
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  3. Wolfgang Schütte
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  4. Petra Feyer
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Correspondence to Ulrike Nitschke.

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Interessenkonflikt

U. Nitschke, T. Behlendorf, W. Schütte und P. Feyer geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Petra Feyer, Berlin

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Nitschke, U., Behlendorf, T., Schütte, W. et al. Onkologische Notfälle im Behandlungsalltag. best practice onkologie 17, 78–90 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11654-022-00374-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11654-022-00374-8

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