Zusammenfassung
Die Behandlung von Karzinomen der Nasenhaupt- und Nasennebenhöhle ist aufgrund der Heterogenität der Tumoren und der anatomischen Verhältnisse komplex. Es gibt nur wenige Studien, welche Therapien miteinander vergleichen. Den Goldstandard stellt die vollständige Resektion des Tumors dar, was jedoch häufig schwierig zu kontrollieren ist. Zunehmend werden radikale offene Operationstechniken durch minimal-invasive endoskopische Techniken bei gleichbleibender onkologischer Kontrolle ersetzt. Die Behandlung der Lymphknoten ist bei einem unauffälligen Halsstatus Gegenstand von Diskussionen, und die Empfehlungen reichen von einer abwartenden Strategie bis zu einer elektiven Neck-Dissection. Aktuell wird der Einsatz einer Wächterlymphknotenbiopsie geprüft. Die Strahlentherapie ist v. a. Teil des adjuvanten Therapiekonzepts. Als primäre Option wird sie eher zurückhaltend eingesetzt und ist inoperablen Befunden vorbehalten. Die Wahl des passenden Chemotherapieschemas ist mitunter abhängig von der jeweiligen Entität. Allerdings wird meist, aufgrund fehlender Studien, ein ähnliches Regime wie bei Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen der Mundhöhle, des Pharynx und Larynx gewählt. Die Rolle von Immuncheckpointinhibitoren ist noch unklar, erste Daten sind jedoch ähnlich erfolgversprechend wie bei anderen Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen.
Abstract
The treatment of sinonasal carcinomas is complex due to their heterogeneity and the anatomical conditions. There are only few studies comparing therapies. The gold standard is complete resection of the tumour, but this is often difficult to control. Increasingly, radical open surgical methods are being replaced by minimally invasive endoscopic techniques while maintaining oncological control. Treatment of the lymph nodes in case of an inconspicuous neck status is the subject of debate and recommendations range from watchful waiting to elective neck dissection. Currently, the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy is under investigation. Radiotherapy is mainly part of the adjuvant treatment concept. As a primary option, it is used rather cautiously and reserved for inoperable findings. The choice of the appropriate chemotherapy regimen is mainly dependent on the particular tumour entity. However, due to a lack of studies, a regimen similar to that used for head and neck carcinomas of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx is usually chosen. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors is still unclear, but initial data are similarly promising as for other head and neck carcinomas.
Literatur
Bussu F, Tagliaferri L, Piras A et al (2021) Multidisciplinary approach to nose vestibule malignancies: setting new standards. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 41:S158–S165. https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-suppl.1-41-2021-16
Camp S, Van Gerven L, Vander PV et al (2016) Long-term follow-up of 123 patients with adenocarcinoma of the sinonasal tract treated with endoscopic resection and postoperative radiation therapy. Head Neck 38:294–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.23900
Cantù G, Bimbi G, Miceli R et al (2008) Lymph node metastases in malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 134:170. https://doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2007.30
Castelnau-Marchand P, Levy A, Moya-Plana A et al (2016) Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma without clinical lymph node involvement. Strahlenther Onkol 192:537–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-016-0997-5
Castelnuovo P, Battaglia P, Locatelli D et al (2006) Endonasal micro-endoscopic treatment of malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base. Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 17:152–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otot.2006.06.002
Dagan R, Bryant C, Li Z et al (2016) Outcomes of Sinonasal cancer treated with proton therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 95:377–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.02.019
Dirix P, Vanstraelen B, Jorissen M et al (2010) Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for sinonasal cancer: improved outcome compared to conventional radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78:998–1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.09.067
Farquhar D, Kim L, Worrall D et al (2016) Propensity score analysis of endoscopic and open approaches to malignant paranasal and anterior skull base tumor outcomes. Laryngoscope 126:1724–1729. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.25885
Fernandez JM, Santaolalla F, Del Rey AS et al (2005) Preliminary study of the lymphatic drainage system of the nose and paranasal sinuses and its role in detection of sentinel metastatic nodes. Acta Otolaryngol 125:566–570
Guan X, Wang X, Liu Y et al (2013) Lymph node metastasis in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma treated with IMRT/3D-CRT. Oral Oncol 49:60–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.07.009
Hagemann J, Roesner J, Helling S et al (2019) Long-term outcome for open and endoscopically resected sinonasal tumors. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 160:862–869. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599818815881
Homma A, Nakamaru Y, Lund VJ et al (2020) Endonasal endoscopic surgery for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma from an oncological perspective. Auris Nasus Larynx. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2020.11.018
Kılıç S, Kılıç SS, Baredes S et al (2018) Comparison of endoscopic and open resection of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma: a propensity score–matched analysis of 652 patients. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 8:421–434. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22040
Llorente JL, Lopez F, Suarez C, Hermsen MA (2014) Sinonasal carcinoma: clinical, pathological, genetic and therapeutic advances. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 11:460–472. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.97
Lund VJ, Stammberger H, Nicolai P et al (2010) European position paper on endoscopic management of tumours of the nose, paranasal sinuses and skull base. Rhinol Suppl 22:1–143
Madani G, Beale TJ, Lund VJ (2009) Imaging of sinonasal tumors. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 30:25–38. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2008.10.013
Mirghani H, Hartl D, Mortuaire G et al (2013) Nodal recurrence of sinonasal cancer: does the risk of cervical relapse justify a prophylactic neck treatment? Oral Oncol 49:374–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.10.002
Nakamaru Y, Suzuki M, Kano S et al (2020) The role of endoscopic resection for selected patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. Auris Nasus Larynx 48:131–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2020.06.014
Paré A, Blanchard P, Rosellini S et al (2017) Outcomes of multimodal management for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 45:1124–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2017.05.006
Park JC, Faquin WC, Durbeck J, Faden DL (2020) Immune checkpoint inhibitors in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 109:104776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104776
Patil VM, Joshi A, Noronha V et al (2016) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced and borderline resectable nonsquamous sinonasal tumors (esthesioneuroblastoma and sinonasal tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation). Int J Surg Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6923730
Peck BW, Van Abel KM, Moore EJ, Price DL (2018) Rates and locations of regional metastases in sinonasal malignancies: the mayo clinic experience. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 79:282–288. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607288
Pfister DG, Spencer S, Adelstein D et al (2020) Head and neck cancers, version 2.2020. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw 18:873–898. https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2020.0031
Pitman KT (2000) Rationale for elective neck dissection. Am J Otolaryngol 21:31–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-0709(00)80121-0
Qiu X, Yang J (2018) Clinical study of cetuximab combined with radical radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. J BUON 23:1111–1117
Reyes C, Patel M, Solares CA (2020) Sinonasal malignancy and orbital exenteration sparing cancer surgery. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 81:369–375. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713937
Riobello C, Vivanco B, Reda S et al (2018) Programmed death ligand‑1 expression as immunotherapeutic target in sinonasal cancer. Head Neck 40:818–827. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.25067
Robin TP, Jones BL, Gordon OM et al (2017) A comprehensive comparative analysis of treatment modalities for sinonasal malignancies. Cancer 123:3040–3049. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30686
Unsal AA, Dubal PM, Patel TD et al (2016) Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity: a population-based analysis. Laryngoscope 126:560–565. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.25531
Werner JA, Dünne AA, Myers JN (2003) Functional anatomy of the lymphatic drainage system of the upper aerodigestive tract and its role in metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 25:322–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.10257
Workman AD, Palmer JN, Adappa ND (2017) Posttreatment surveillance for sinonasal malignancy. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 25:86–92. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOO.0000000000000330
Zentrum für Krebsregisterdaten im Robert Koch-Institut (2019) Datenbankabfrage mit Schätzung der Inzidenz, Prävalenz und des Überlebens von Krebs in Deutschland auf Basis der epidemiologischen Landeskrebsregisterdaten. https://doi.org/10.18444/5.03.01.0005.0014.0001 (Mortalitätsdaten bereitgestellt vom Statistischen Bundesamt)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Interessenkonflikt
J. Doescher: Advisory Board für MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH und Merck Serono GmbH. S. Ott, J. Kövi, J. Steinacker, T.K. Hoffmann und F. Sommer geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.
Additional information
Redaktion
Thomas Hoffmann, Ulm
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Doescher, J., Ott, S., Kövi, J. et al. Diagnostik und Therapie maligner Nasentumoren. best practice onkologie 16, 452–458 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11654-021-00323-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11654-021-00323-x
Schlüsselwörter
- Nasennebenhöhlen
- Nasenhaupthöhle
- Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinom
- Neck-Dissection
- Chirurgische Endoskopie