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Diagnostik und Therapie maligner Nasentumoren

Diagnosis and treatment of malignant sinonasal tumors

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best practice onkologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die Behandlung von Karzinomen der Nasenhaupt- und Nasennebenhöhle ist aufgrund der Heterogenität der Tumoren und der anatomischen Verhältnisse komplex. Es gibt nur wenige Studien, welche Therapien miteinander vergleichen. Den Goldstandard stellt die vollständige Resektion des Tumors dar, was jedoch häufig schwierig zu kontrollieren ist. Zunehmend werden radikale offene Operationstechniken durch minimal-invasive endoskopische Techniken bei gleichbleibender onkologischer Kontrolle ersetzt. Die Behandlung der Lymphknoten ist bei einem unauffälligen Halsstatus Gegenstand von Diskussionen, und die Empfehlungen reichen von einer abwartenden Strategie bis zu einer elektiven Neck-Dissection. Aktuell wird der Einsatz einer Wächterlymphknotenbiopsie geprüft. Die Strahlentherapie ist v. a. Teil des adjuvanten Therapiekonzepts. Als primäre Option wird sie eher zurückhaltend eingesetzt und ist inoperablen Befunden vorbehalten. Die Wahl des passenden Chemotherapieschemas ist mitunter abhängig von der jeweiligen Entität. Allerdings wird meist, aufgrund fehlender Studien, ein ähnliches Regime wie bei Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen der Mundhöhle, des Pharynx und Larynx gewählt. Die Rolle von Immuncheckpointinhibitoren ist noch unklar, erste Daten sind jedoch ähnlich erfolgversprechend wie bei anderen Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen.

Abstract

The treatment of sinonasal carcinomas is complex due to their heterogeneity and the anatomical conditions. There are only few studies comparing therapies. The gold standard is complete resection of the tumour, but this is often difficult to control. Increasingly, radical open surgical methods are being replaced by minimally invasive endoscopic techniques while maintaining oncological control. Treatment of the lymph nodes in case of an inconspicuous neck status is the subject of debate and recommendations range from watchful waiting to elective neck dissection. Currently, the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy is under investigation. Radiotherapy is mainly part of the adjuvant treatment concept. As a primary option, it is used rather cautiously and reserved for inoperable findings. The choice of the appropriate chemotherapy regimen is mainly dependent on the particular tumour entity. However, due to a lack of studies, a regimen similar to that used for head and neck carcinomas of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx is usually chosen. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors is still unclear, but initial data are similarly promising as for other head and neck carcinomas.

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Correspondence to J. Doescher.

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J. Doescher: Advisory Board für MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH und Merck Serono GmbH. S. Ott, J. Kövi, J. Steinacker, T.K. Hoffmann und F. Sommer geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Thomas Hoffmann, Ulm

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Doescher, J., Ott, S., Kövi, J. et al. Diagnostik und Therapie maligner Nasentumoren. best practice onkologie 16, 452–458 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11654-021-00323-x

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