Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Malignes Melanom

Update zu Diagnostik, Behandlung, Psychoonkologie und Palliativmedizin

  • TOPIC 1 · malignes melanom
  • Published:
best practice onkologie Aims and scope

Das maligne Melanom belegt bei Malignomen in Europa und den USA die Plätze 6 bei den Männern und 7 bei den Frauen. In den frühen Stadien ist eine Heilung in der Regel möglich. Das fernmetastasierte Melanom hingegen hat eine ungünstige Prognose. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Vorgehen bei Diagnose und Therapie des malignen Melanoms unter Berücksichtigung der multidiziplinären Betreuung der Patienten.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Garbe C, Schadendorf D, Stolz W et al (2008) Short German guidelines: malignant melanoma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 6(Suppl 1): S9–S14

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Wiecker TS, Luther H, Buettner P et al (2003) Moderate sun exposure and nevus counts in parents are associated with development of melanocytic nevi in childhood: a risk factor study in 1812 kindergarten children. Cancer 97: 628–638

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Chang YM, Barrett JH, Bishop DT et al (2009) Sun exposure and melanoma risk at different latitudes: a pooled analysis of 5700 cases and 7216 controls Int J Epidemiol 38: 814–830

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Pettijohn KJ, Asdigian NL, Aalborg J et al (2009) Vacations to waterside locations result in nevus development in Colorado children. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18: 454–463 (Epub 2009, Feb 3)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Thomas NE, Edmiston SN, Alexander A et al (2007) Number of nevi and early-life ambient UV exposure are associated with BRAF-mutant melanoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16: 991–997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Uter W, Pfahlberg A, Kraus C et al (2002) Monitoring of naevus density-an approximate marker of previous UV exposure-in children at school enrollment as a method to detect shifts in melanoma risk in the population. Gesundheitswesen 64: 165–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pfahlberg A, Kölmel KF, Gefeller O, Febim Study Group (2001) Timing of excessive ultraviolet radiation and melanoma: epidemiology does not support the existence of a critical period of high susceptibility to solar ultraviolet radiation-induced melanoma. Br J Dermatol 144: 471–475

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dennis LK, Vanbeek MJ, Beane Freeman LE et al (2008) Sunburns and risk of cutaneous melanoma: does age matter? A comprehensive meta-analysis. Ann Epidemiol 18: 614–627

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Gallagher RP, Spinelli JJ, Lee TK (2005) Tanning beds, sunlamps, and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14: 562–566

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. (n a) (2007) The association of use of sunbeds with cutaneous malignant melanoma and other skin cancers: A systematic review. International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group on artificial ultraviolet (UV) light and skin cancer. Int J Cancer 120: 1116–122

  11. Ting W, Schultz K, Cac NN et al (2007) Tanning bed exposure increases the risk of malignant melanoma. Int J Dermatol 46: 1253–1257

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Moehrle M, Dietrich H, Patz CD, Häfner HM (2009) Sun protection by red wine? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 7: 29–33

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Melchi F et al (2008) A protective effect of the Mediterranean diet for cutaneous melanoma. Int J Epidemiol 37: 1018–1029

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Coory M, Baade P, Aitken J et al (2006) Trends for in situ and invasive melanoma in Queensland, Australia, 1982–2002. Cancer Causes Control 17: 21–27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Breitbart EW, Volkmer B, Voss S, Greinert R (2006) Prävention von Hautkrebs. In: Garbe C (Hrsg) Management des Melanoms. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 84–91

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hansen C, Wilkinson D, Hansen M, Argenziano G (2009) How good are skin cancer clinics at melanoma detection? Number needed to treat variability across a national clinic group in Australia. J Am Acad Dermatol (Epub ahead of print)

  17. Lorentzen H, Weismann K, Petersen CS et al (1999) Clinical and dermatoscopic diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Assessed by expert and non-expert groups. Acta Derm Venereol 79: 301–304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Pennie ML, Soon SL, Risser JB et al (2007) Melanoma outcomes for Medicare patients: association of stage and survival with detection by a dermatologist vs a nondermatologist. Arch Dermatol 143: 488–494

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Carli P, De Giorgi V, Crocetti E et al (2004) Improvement of malignant/benign ratio in excised melanocytic lesions in the ‘dermoscopy era’: a retrospective study 1997–2001. Br J Dermatol 150: 687–692

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Annessi G, Bono R, Sampogna F et al (2007) Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of three dermoscopic algorithmic methods in the diagnosis of doubtful melanocytic lesions: the importance of light brown structureless areas in differentiating atypical melanocytic nevi from thin melanomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 56: 759–767

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Haenssle HA, Vente C, Bertsch HP et al (2004) Results of a surveillance programme for patients at high risk of malignant melanoma using digital and conventional dermoscopy. Eur J Cancer Prev 13: 133–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gerger A, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Samonigg H, Smolle J (2009) In vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy in the diagnosis of melanocytic skin tumours. Br J Dermatol 160: 475–481

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Schulze HJ, Klaas S (2003) Siascopy for in vivo diagnosis of atypical pigmented lesions superior to dermoscopy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17: S110

    Google Scholar 

  24. Glud M, Gniadecki R, Drzewiecki KT (2009) Spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis versus dermoscopy for the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions: prospective, double-blind study in a secondary reference centre. Melanoma Res 19: 176–179

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Viros A, Fridlyand J, Bauer J et al (2008) Improving melanoma classification by integrating genetic and morphologic features. PLoS Med 5: e120

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Schulten HJ, Gunawan B, Otto F et al (2002) Cytogenetic characterization of complex karyotypes in seven established melanoma cell lines by multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization and DAPI banding. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 133: 134–141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bauer J, Bastian BC (2006) Distinguishing melanocytic nevi from melanoma by DNA copy number changes: comparative genomic hybridization as a research and diagnostic tool. Dermatol Ther 19: 40–49

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Bastian BC, Wesselmann U, Pinkel D, Leboit PE (1999) Molecular cytogenetic analysis of Spitz nevi shows clear differences to melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 113: 1065–1069

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Morey AL, Murali R, McCarthy SW et al (2009) Diagnosis of cutaneous melanocytic tumours by four-colour fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Pathology 41: 383–387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Pouryazdanparast P, Newman M, Mafee M et al (2009) Distinguishing epithelioid blue nevus from blue nevus-like cutaneous melanoma metastasis using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Am J Surg Pathol 33: 1396–1400

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Newman MD, Lertsburapa T, Mirzabeigi M et al (2009) Fluorescence in situ hybridization as a tool for microstaging in malignant melanoma. Mod Pathol 22: 989–995

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Casorzo L, Luzzi C, Nardacchione A et al (2005) Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) evaluation of chromosomes 6, 7, 9 and 10 throughout human melanocytic tumorigenesis. Melanoma Res 15: 155–160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gerami P, Jewell SS, Morrison LE et al (2009) Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as an ancillary diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of melanoma. Am J Surg Pathol 33: 1146–1156

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Seykora JT, Jih D, Elenitsas R et al (2003) Gene expression profiling of melanocytic lesions. Am J Dermatopathol 25: 6–11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Talantov D, Mazumder A, Yu JX et al (2005) Novel genes associated with malignant melanoma but not benign melanocytic lesions. Clin Cancer Res 11: 7234–7242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Winnepenninckx V, Lazar V, Michiels S et al (2006) Gene expression profiling of primary cutaneous melanoma and clinical outcome. J Natl Cancer Inst 98: 472–482

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Mandruzzato S, Callegaro A, Turcatel G et al (2006) A gene expression signature associated with survival in metastatic melanoma. J Transl Med 4: 50

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Koh SS, Opel ML, Wei JP et al (2009) Molecular classification of melanomas and nevi using gene expression microarray signatures and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. Mod Pathol 22: 538–546

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kashani-Sabet M, Rangel J, Torabian S et al (2009) A multi-marker assay to distinguish malignant melanomas from benign nevi. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 6268–6272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Jiménez-Requena F, Delgado-Bolton RC, Fernández-Pérez C et al (2009) Meta-analysis of the performance of (18) F-FDG PET in cutaneous melanoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging (Epub ahead of print)

  41. Egberts F, Hitschler WN, Weichenthal M, Hauschild A (2009) Prospective monitoring of adjuvant treatment in high-risk melanoma patients: lactate dehydrogenase and protein S-100B as indicators of relapse. Melanoma Res 19: 31–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Andrés R, Mayordomo JI, Visus C et al (2008) Prognostic significance and diagnostic value of protein S-100 and tyrosinase in patients with malignant melanoma. Am J Clin Oncol 31: 335–339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH et al (1992) Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma. Arch Surg 127: 392–399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Leong SP (2004) Paradigm of metastasis for melanoma and breast cancer based on the sentinel lymph node experience. Ann Surg Oncol (Suppl 3): 192S–197S

  45. Gershenwald JE, Thompson W, Mansfield PF et al (1999) Multi-institutional melanoma lymphatic mapping experience: the prognostic value of sentinel lymphnode status in 612 stage I or II melanoma patients. J Clin Oncol 17: 976–983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ et al (2006) Sentinel-node biopsy or nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med 355: 1307–1317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. van Akkooi AC, Nowecki ZI, Voit C et al (2008) Sentinel node tumor burden according to the Rotterdam criteria is the most important prognostic factor for survival in melanoma patients. Ann Surg 248: 949–955

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Rutkowski P, Nowecki ZI, Nasierowska-Guttmejer A, Ruka W (2004) Lymph node Status and survival in cutaneous malignant melanoma-sentinel lymph node biopsy impact. Eur J Surg Oncol 30: 713–714

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Essner R, Conforti A, Kelley MC et al (1999) Efficacy of lymphatic mapping, sentinel lymphadenectomy, and selective complete lymph node dissection as a therapeutic procedure for early-stage melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 6: 442–449

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Wong SL, Morton DL, Thompson JF et al (2006) Melanoma patients with positive sentinel nodes who did not undergo completion lymphadenectomy: a multiinstutional study. Ann Surg Oncol 13: 761–763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Nowecki ZI, Rutkowski P, Michej W (2008) The survival benefit to patients with positive sentinel node melanoma after completion lymph node dissection may be limited to the subgroup with a primary lesion Breslow thikness greater than 1.0 and less than or equal to 4 mm (pT2–pT3). Ann Surg Oncol 15: 2223–2234

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Govindarajan A, Ghazarian DM, McCready DR, Leong WL (2007) Histological features of melanoma senitel lymph node metastases associated with status of the completion lymphadenectomy and rate of subsequent relapse. Ann Surg Oncol 14: 906–912

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Garbe C, Hauschild A, Volkenandt M et al (2008) Evidence and interdisciplinary consensus-based German guidlines: surgical treatment and radiotherapy of melanoma. Melanoma Res 18: 61–67

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Sessler DI (2009) Long-term consequences of anesthetic management. Anesthesiology 111: 1–4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Kohl BA, Deutschman CS (2006) The inflammatory response to surgery and trauma. Curr Opin Crit Care 12: 325–332

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Bromage PR (1996) 50 years on the wrong side of the reflex arc. Reg Anesth 21: 1–4

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Kehlet H (1998) Modification of responses to surgery by neural blockade: Clinical implications., Neural blockade in clinical anesthesia and management of pain. In: Cousins MJ, Bridenbough PO (eds) Neural blockade in clinical anesthesia and management of pain. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 129–175

    Google Scholar 

  58. Rhen T, Cidlowski JA (2005) Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids-new mechanisms for old drugs. N Engl J Med 353: 1711–1723

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Elenkov IJ, Wilder RL, Chrousos GP, Vizi ES (2000) The sympathetic nerve-an integrative interface between two supersystems: the brain and the immune system. Pharmacol Rev 52: 595–638

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Herwig R, Brinkmann OA, Sievert KD et al (2003) Cystectomy causes immunosuppression in bladder cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 539: 741–748

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Salo M (1992) Effects of anaesthesia and surgery on the immune response. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 36: 201–220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Liu S, Carpenter RL, Neal JM (1995) Epidural anesthesia and analgesia. Their role in postoperative outcome. Anesthesiology 82: 1474–1506

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Page CG, Ben-Eliyahu S, Yirima R, Liebeskind JC (1993) Morphine attenuates surgery-induced enhancement of metastatic colonization in rats. Pain 54: 21–28

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Page GG, Ben-Eliyahu S, Liebeskind JC (1994) The role of LGL/NK cells in surgery-induced promotion of metastasis and its attenuation by morphine. Brain Behav Immun 8: 241–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Sacerdote P, Bianchi M, Gaspani L et al (2000) The effects of tramadol and morphine on immune responeses and pain after surgery in cancer patients. Anesth Analg 90: 1411–1414

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Rittner HL, Brack A (2009) Opioid-induced immunosuppression. A clinically relevant problem?. Anaesthesist 58: 7–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Page GG, Ben-Eliyahu S (2002) Indomethacin attenuates the immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting effects of surgery. J Pain 3: 301–308

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Yakar I, Melamed R, Shakhar G et al (2003) Prostaglandin E suppresses NK activity in vivo and promotes postoperative tumor metastasis in rats. Ann Surg Oncol 10: 469–479

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Bar-Yosef S, Melamed R, Page GG et al (2001) Attenuation of the tumor-promoting effect of surgery by spinal blockade in rats. Anesthesiology 94: 1066–1073

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Exadaktylos AK, Buggy DJ, Moriarty DC et al (2006) Can anesthetic technique for primary breast cancer surgery affect recurrence or metastasis? Anesthesiology 105: 660–664

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Biki B, Mascha E, Moriarty DC et al (2008) Anesthetic technique for radical prostatectomy surgery affects cancer recurrence: a retrospective analysis. Anesthesiology 109: 180–187

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Koch M, Kienle P, Hinz U et al (2005) Detection of hematogenous tumor cell dissemination predicts tumor relapse in patients undergoing surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 241: 199–205

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Rittner HL, Brack A (2009) Opioid-induced immunosuppression. A clinically relevant problem? Anaesthesist 58: 7–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Page GG, Ben-Eliyahu S (2002) Indomethacin attenuates the immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting effects of surgery. J Pain 3: 301–308

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Schlagenhauff B, Ellwanger U, Breuninger H et al (2000) Prognostic impact of the type of anaesthesia used during the excision of primary cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Res 10: 165–169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Aguas SC, Quarracino MC, Lence AN, Lanfranchi-Tizeira HE (2009) Primary melanoma of the oral cavity: ten cases and review of 177 cases from literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 14: 265–271

    Google Scholar 

  77. Medina JE, Ferlito A, Pellitter PK et al (2003) Current management of mu-cosal melanoma of the head and neck. J Surg Oncol 83: 116–122

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Delgado AWA, Mosqueda Taylor A (2003) A practical method for clinical diagnosis of oral mucosal melanomas. Med Oral 8: 348–352

    Google Scholar 

  79. Schwipper V (2000) Malignes Melanom der Kopf-Hals-Region. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 4 (Suppl 1): 177–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Barker BF, Carpenter WM, Daniels TE et al (1997) Oral mucosal mela-nomas: the WESTOP Banff workshop proceedings. Western Society of Teachers of Oral Pathology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 83: 672–679

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Hicks MJ, Flaitz CM (2000) Oral mucosal melanoma: epidemiology and pathobiology. Oral Oncol 36: 152–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Rapidis AD, Apostolidis C, Vilos, Valsamis S (2003) Primary malignant melanoma of the oral mucosa. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61: 1132–1139

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Lengyel E et al. (2003) Malignant mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. Pathol Oncol Res 9: 7–12

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Cebrian Carretero JL, Chamorro Pons M, Montesdeoca N (2001) Melanoma of the oral cavity. Review of the literature. Med Oral 6: 371–375

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Garzino-Demo P, Fasolis M, Maggiore GM et al (2004) Oral mucosal melanoma: a series of case reports. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 32: 251–257

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Eton O, Legha SS, Moon TE et al (1998) Prognostic factors for survival of patients treated systemically for disseminated melanoma. J Clin Oncol 16: 1103–1111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Atzpodien J, Neuber K, Kamanabrou D et al (2002) Combination chemotherapy with or without s.c. IL-2 and IFN-alpha: results of a prospectively randomized trial of the Cooperative Advanced Malignant Melanoma Chemoimmunotherapy Group (ACIMM). Br J Cancer 86: 179–184

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Atkins MB, Hsu J, Lee S et al (2008) Phase III trial comparing concurrent biochemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, dacarbazine, interleukin-2, and interferon alfa-2b with cisplatin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine alone in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma (E3695): a trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 26: 5748–5754

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Papadopoulos NE, Bedikian A, Ring S et al (2009) Phase I/II study of a cisplatin-taxol-dacarbazine regimen in metastatic melanoma. Am J Clin Oncol

  90. Tarhini AA, Kirkwood JM, Gooding WE et al (2007) Durable complete responses with high-dose bolus interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic melanoma who have experienced progression after biochemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 25: 3802–3807

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Atzpodien J, Terfloth K, Fluck M, Reitz M (2007) Cisplatin, gemcitabine, and treosulfan in relapsed stage IV cutaneous malignant melanoma pa-tients. Br J Cancer 97: 1329–1332

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Atzpodien J, Morawek L, Fluck M, Reitz M (2009) Bleomycin, vinorelbine and trofosfamide in relapsed stage IV cutaneous malignant melanoma patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 64: 901–905 Epub 2009 Feb 20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Gatenby RA (2009) A change of strategy in the war on cancer. Nature 459: 508–509

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Gatenby RA, Silva AS, Gillies RJ, Frieden BR (2009) Adaptive therapy. Cancer Res 69: 4894–4903

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Kleeberg UR, Suciu S, Bröcker EB et al (2004) EORTC Melanoma Group in cooperation with the German Final results of the EORTC 18871/DKG 80-1 randomised phase III trial. rIFN-alpha2b versus rIFN-gamma versus ISCADOR M versus observation after surgery in melanoma patients with either high-risk primary (thickness >3 mm) or regional lymph node metastasis. Cancer Society (DKG). Eur J Cancer 40: 390–402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Cascinelli N, Belli F, MacKie RM et al (2001) Effect of long-term adjuvant therapy with interferon alpha-2a in patients with regional node metastases from cutaneous melanoma: a randomised trial. Lancet 358 (9285): 866–869

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Hancock BW, Wheatley K, Harris S et al (2004) Adjuvant interferon in high-risk melanoma: the AIM HIGH Study-United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research randomized study of adjuvant low-dose extended-duration interferon Alfa-2a in high-risk resected malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol 22: 53–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Eggermont AM, Suciu S, MacKie R et al (2005) Post-surgery adjuvant therapy with intermediate doses of interferon alfa 2b versus observation in patients with stage IIb/III melanoma (EORTC 18952): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366(9492): 1189–1196

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Kirkwood JM, Ibrahim JG, Sondak VK et al (2000) High- and low-dose interferon alfa-2b in high-risk melanoma: first analysis of intergroup trial E1690/S9111/C9190. J Clin Oncol 18: 2444–2458

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Grob JJ, Dreno B, de la Salmonière P et al (1998) Randomised trial of interferon alpha-2a as adjuvant therapy in resected primary melanoma thicker than 1.5 mm without clinically detectable node metastases. French Cooperative Group on Melanoma. Lancet 351(9120): 1905–1910

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Garbe C, Radny P, Linse R (2008) Adjuvant low-dose interferon {alpha}2a with or without dacarbazine compared with surgery alone: a prospective-randomized phase III DeCOG trial in melanoma patients with regional lymph node metastasis. Ann Oncol 19: 1195–1201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Fluck M, Kamanabrou D, Lippold A et al (2005) Dose-dependent treatment benefit in high-risk melanoma patients receiving adjuvant high-dose interferon alfa-2b. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 20: 280–289

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Ascierto PA, Kirkwood JM (2008) Adjuvant therapy of melanoma with interferon: lessons of the past decade. J Transpl Med 6: 62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Eggermont AM, Suciu S, Santinami M et al (2008) Adjuvant therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b versus observation alone in resected stage III melanoma: final results of EORTC 18991, a randomised phase III trial. Lancet 372 (9633): 117–126

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Ehring F, Schumann J (1972) Important details in dermatologic roentgen therapy. Z Haut Geschlechtskr 47: 89–94

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Stevenson O, Ahmed I (2005) Lentigo maligna: prognosis and treatment options. Am J Clin Dermatol 6: 151–164

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Beadle BM, Guadagnolo BA, Ballo MT et al (2009) Radiation therapy field extent for adjuvant treatment of axillary metastases from malignant melanoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73: 1376–1382

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Kirova YM, Chen J, Rabarijaona LI et al (1999) Radiotherapy as palliative treatment for metastatic melanoma. Melanoma Res 9: 611–613

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Sloan AE, Davis FG et al (2004) Incidence proportions of brain metastases in patients diagnosed (1973 to 2001) in the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System. J Clin Oncol 22: 2865–2872

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Bullard DE, Cox EB, Seigler HF (1981) Central nervous system metastases in malignant melanoma. Neurosurgery 8: 26–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Barth A, Wanek LA, Morton DL (1995) Prognostic factors in 1,521 melanoma patients with distant metastases. J Am Coll Surg 181: 193–201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Walsh JW et al (1990) A randomized trial of surgery in the treatment of single metastases to the brain. N Engl J Med 322: 494–500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Lavine SD, Petrovich Z, Cohen-Gadol AA et al (1999) Gamma knife radiosurgery for metastatic melanoma: an analysis of survival, outcome, and complications. Neurosurgery 44: 59–64; discussion 64–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Mori Y, Kondziolka D, Flickinger JC et al (1998) Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral metastatic melanoma: factors affecting local disease control and survival. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42: 581–589

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Clarke JW, Register S, McGregor JM et al (2009) Stereotactic radiosurgery with or without whole brain radiotherapy for patients with a single radioresistant brain metastasis. Am J Clin Oncol [Epub ahead of print]

  116. Jacquillat C, Khayat D, Banzet P et al (1990) Final report of the French multicenter phase II study of the nitrosourea fotemustine in 153 evaluable patients with disseminated malignant melanoma including patients with cerebral metastases. Cancer 66: 1873–1878

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Balch CM, Soong SJ, Atkins MB et al (2004) An evidence-based staging system for cutaneous melanoma. CA Cancer J Clin 54: 131–149

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Koops HS, Vaglini M, Suciu S et al (1998) Prophylactic isolated limb perfusion for localized, high-risk limb melanoma: results of a multicenter randomized phase III trial. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group Protocol 18832, the World Health Organization Melanoma Program Trial 15, and the North American Perfusion Group Southwest Oncology Group-8593. J Clin Oncol 16: 2906–2912

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Seegenschmiedt MH, Keilholz L, Altendorf-Hofmann A et al (1999) Palliative radiotherapy for recurrent and metastatic malignant melanoma: prognostic factors for tumor response and long-term outcome: a 20-year experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 44: 607–618

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Olivier KR, Schild SE, Morris CG et al (2007) A higher radiotherapy dose is associated with more durable palliation and longer survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Cancer 110: 1791–1795

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Beasley GM, Caudle A, Petersen RP et al (2009) A multi-institutional experience of isolated limb infusion: defining response and toxicity in the US. J Am Coll Surg 208: 706–715

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Fraker DL (2004) Management of in-transit melanoma of the extremity with isolated limb perfusion. Curr Treat Options Oncol 5: 173–184

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Vrouenraets BC, Hart GA, Eggermont AM et al (1999) Relation between limb toxicity and treatment outcomes after isolated limb perfusion for recurrent melanoma. J Am Coll Surg 188: 522–530

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Noorda EM, Vrouenraets BC, Nieweg OE et al (2004) Isolated limb perfusion for unresectable melanoma of the extremities. Arch Surg 139: 1237–1242

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Cornett WR, McCall LM, Petersen RP et al (2006) Randomized multicenter trial of hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with melphalan alone compared with melphalan plus tumor necrosis factor: American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Trial Z0020. J Clin Oncol 24: 4196–4201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Noorda EM, Vrouenraets BC, Nieweg OE et al (2006) Repeat isolated limb perfusion with TNFalpha and melphalan for recurrent limb melanoma after failure of previous perfusion. Eur J Surg Oncol 32: 318–324

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Terheyden P, Kortüm AK, Schulze HJ et al (2007) Chemoimmunotherapy for cutaneous melanoma with dacarbazine and epifocal contact sensitizers: results of a nationwide survey of the German Dermatologic Co-operative Oncology Group. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 133: 437–444

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Snoj M, Cemazar M, Srnovrsnik T et al (2009) Limb sparing treatment of bleeding melanoma recurrence by electrochemotherapy. Tumori 95: 398–402

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Quaglino P, Mortera C, Osella-Abate S et al (2008) Electrochemotherapy with intravenous bleomycin in the local treatment of skin melanoma metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 15: 2215–2222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Aarntzen EH, Figdor CG, Adema GJ et al (2008) Dendritic cell vaccination and immune monitoring. Cancer Immunol Immunother 57: 1559–1568

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Atzpodien J, Reitz M (2007) GM-CSF plus antigenic peptide vaccination in locally advanced melanoma patients. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 22: 551–555

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Rass K, Diefenbacher M, Tilgen W (2008) Experimental treatment of malignant melanoma and its rationale Hautarzt 59: 475–483

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Chapman PB (2007) Melanoma vaccines. Semin Oncol 34: 516–523 Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Camacho LH, Antonia S, Sosman J et al (2009) Phase I/II trial of tremelimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 27: 1075–1081

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Ribas A, Camacho LH, Lopez-Berestein G et al (2005) Antitumor activity in melanoma and anti-self responses in a phase I trial with the anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 monoclonal antibody CP-675,206. J Clin Oncol 23: 8968–8977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Phan GQ, Yang JC, Sherry RM et al (2003) Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 8372–8377

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Maker AV, Phan GQ, Attia P et al (2005) Tumor regression and autoimmunity in patients treated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade and interleukin 2: a phase I/II study. Ann Surg Oncol 12: 1005–1016

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Attia P, Phan GQ, Maker AV et al (2005) Autoimmunity correlates with tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4. J Clin Oncol 23: 6043–6053

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Perez DG, Suman VJ, Fitch TR et al (2009) Phase 2 trial of carboplatin, weekly paclitaxel, and biweekly bevacizumab in patients with unresectable stage IV melanoma: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group study, N047A. Cancer 115: 119–127

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Varker KA, Biber JE, Kefauver C et al (2007) A randomized phase 2 trial of bevacizumab with or without daily low-dose interferon alfa-2b in metastatic malignant melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 14: 2367–2376

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Ugurel S, Schadendorf D, Pföhler C et al (2006) In vitro drug sensitivity predicts response and survival after individualized sensitivity-directed chemotherapy in metastatic melanoma: a multicenter phase II trial of the Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group. Clin Cancer Res 12: 5454–5463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Eisen T, Ahmad T, Flaherty KT et al (2006) Sorafenib in advanced melanoma: a Phase II randomised discontinuation trial analysis. Br J Cancer 95: 581–586

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Hauschild A, Agarwala SS, Trefzer U et al (2009) Results of a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol 27: 2823–2830

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Smalley KS, Flaherty KT (2009) Development of a novel chemical class of BRAF inhibitors offers new hope for melanoma treatment. Future Oncol 5: 775–778

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Söllner W, Zschocke I, Augustin M (1998) Melanompatienten: Psychosoziale Belastung, Krankheitsverarbeitung und soziale Unterstützung. Ein systematisches Review. Psychother Psychosom med Psychol 48: 338–348

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Kasparin NA, Butow PN, Meiser B, Mann GJ (2008) High- and average-risk individuals’ beliefs about, and per-ceptions of, malignant melanoma: an Australian perspective. Psychooncology 17: 270–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  147. Hamama-Raz Y, Solomon Z, Schachter J, Azizi E (2007) Objective and subjective stressors and the psychological adjustment of melanoma survivors. Psychooncology 16: 287–294

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Reimer J, Voigtländer-Fleiss A, Karow A et al (2006) The impact of diagnosis and plaque radiotherapy treatment of malignantchoroidal melanoma on patients’quality of life. Psychooncology 15: 1077–1085

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Holland JC (1989) Skin cancer and melanoma In: Holland JC, Rowland JH (eds) Handbook of Psychooncology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 246–249

    Google Scholar 

  150. Strittmatter G (1997) Indikation zur Intervention in der Psychoonkologie. Psychosoziale Belastungen und Ermittlung der Betreuungsbedürftigkeit stationärer Hauttumorpatienten. Waxmann, Münster (Internationale Hochschulschriften 228)

    Google Scholar 

  151. Graham KY, Longman AJ (1987) Quality of life and persons with melanoma. Preliminary model testing. Cancer Nurs 10: 338–346

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Gibertini M, Reintgen DS, Baile WF (1992) Psychosocial aspects of melanoma. Ann Plast Surg 28: 17–21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Brandberg Y, Bolund C, Sigurdardottir V et al (1992) Anxiety and depressive symptoms at different stages of malignant melanoma. Psychooncology 1: 71–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  154. Heymanns J, Breuer F, Hinrichs HF et al (2000) Detecting psychosocial needs in ambulatory cancer patients during chemotherapy, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 126(Suppl): R9

    Google Scholar 

  155. Kelly B, Raphael B, Smithers M et al (1995) Psychological responses to malignant melanoma. An investigation of traumatic stress reactions to life-threatening illness. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 17: 126–134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Söllner W, Mairinger G, Zingg-Schir M, Fritsch P (1996) Krankheitsprognose, psychosoziale Belastung und Ein-stellung von Melanompatienten zu unterstützenden psychotherapeutischen Maßnahmen. Hautarzt 47: 200–205

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Söllner W, Zing-Schir M, Rumpold G et al (1998) Need for supportive counseling — the professionals’versus the patients’perspective: a survey in a representative sample of 236 melanoma patients. Psychother Psychosom 67: 94–104

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Strittmatter G, Mawick R, Tilkorn M (1998) Psychosozialer Betreuungsbedarf bei Gesichts- und Hauttumorpatienten. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 48: 349–357

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Blum A, Blum D, Stroebel W et al (2003) Psychosoziale Belastung und subjektives Erleben von Melanompatienten in der ambulanten Nachsorge. Psychother Psychosom Med 53: 258–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  160. Augustin M, Zschocke I, Dieterle W et al (1997) Bedarf und Motivation zu psychosozialen Interventionen bei Patienten mit malignen Hauttumoren. Z Hautkrankheiten 72: 333–338

    Google Scholar 

  161. Fawzy IF, Fawzy NW, Hyun C et al (1993) Malignant melanoma. Effects of an early structured psychiatric intervention, coping, and affective state on recurrence and survival 6 years later. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50: 681–690

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Strittmatter G (2009) Psychoonkologische Betreuung von Patienten mit Hauttumoren. In: Szeimies RM, Hauschild A, Garbe C (Hrsg) Tumoren der Haut. Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie. Thieme, Stuttgart (im Druck)

    Google Scholar 

  163. Volkenandt M (2009) Medizinisch-ethische Aspekte des Aufklärungsgesprächs. In: Szeimies RM, Hauschild A, Garbe C (Hrsg) Tumoren der Haut. Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie. Thieme, Stuttgart (im Druck)

    Google Scholar 

  164. Hardman A, Maguire P, Crowther D (1989) The recognition of psychiatry morbidity on an oncology ward. J Psychosom Res 33: 235–239

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Razavi D, Delvaux N, Farvacques C, Robaye E(1990) Screening for adjustment disorders and major depressive disorders in cancer in-patients. Br J Psychiatry 156: 79–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Watson M (1992) Screening for psychological morbidity. In: Zittoun R (ed) Quality of life of cancer patients. A review. International Congress of Psychosocial Oncology, Beaune, France, 12.–14.10.1992. Levallois-Perret (France), pp 151–153

  167. Moorey S, Greer S (1989) Psychological therapy for patients with cancer: a new approach. Heinemann Medical Books, London

    Google Scholar 

  168. Herschbach P, Weis J (Hrsg) (2008) Screeningverfahren in der Psychoonkologie. Testinstrumente zur Identifikation betreuungsbedürftiger Krebspatienten. Eine Empfehlung der PSO für die psychoonkologische Behandlungspraxis. Dtsch Krebsgesellschaft, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  169. Strittmatter G, Mawick R, Tilkorn M (2000) Entwicklung und klinischer Einsatz von Screening-Instrumenten zur Identifikation betreuungsbedürftiger Tumorpatienten. In: Bullinger M, Siegrist J, Ravens-Sieberer U (Hrsg) Lebensqualitätsforschung aus medizinpsychologischer und -soziologischer Perspektive. Hogrefe, Göttingen (Jahrbuch der Medizinischen Psychologie 18, S 59–75

    Google Scholar 

  170. Strittmatter G (2007) Einbeziehung der Familie in die Krankenbetreuung und begleitende Familientherapie. In: Aulbert E, Nauck F, Radbruch L (Hrsg) Lehrbuch der Palliativmedizin, 2. Aufl. Schattauer, Stuttgart, S 1138–1169

    Google Scholar 

  171. Holland JC, Passi S, Kash KM et al (1999) The role of religious and spiritual beliefs in coping with malignant melanoma. Psychooncology 8: 14–26

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Baider L, Russak SM, Perry S et al (1999) The role of religious and spiritual beliefs in coping with malignant melanoma: an Israel sample. Psychooncology 8: 27–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Schlippe A von, Schweitzer J (2003) Lehrbuch der systemischen Therapie und Beratung. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen

    Google Scholar 

  174. Zwack J, Schweitzer J (2007) Systemtherapeutisches Arbeiten in der Akutpsychiatrie. Familiendynamik 32: 247–261

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dermatologie, Dermatohistologie und Dermatologische Strahlentherapie, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Germany

    C. Hallermann &  H.-J. Schulze

  2. Internistische Onkologie, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Germany

    J. Atzpodien

  3. Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Germany

    M. Klein

  4. Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Germany

    A. Krause-Bergmann

  5. Anästhesie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Germany

    G. Brodner

  6. Psychosoziale Onkologie und Rehabilitation, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Germany

    G. Strittmatter

  7. Tumorforschung, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Germany

    G. Brunner &  H.-J. Schulze

  8. Dermatologie, Dermatohistologie und Dermatologische Strahlentherapie, Fachklinik Hornheide, Dorbaumstraße 300, 48157, Münster, Germany

    H.-J. Schulze

Authors
  1. C. Hallermann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Atzpodien
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Klein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Krause-Bergmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. G. Brodner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. G. Strittmatter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. G. Brunner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. H.-J. Schulze
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H.-J. Schulze.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hallermann, C., Atzpodien, J., Klein, M. et al. Malignes Melanom. best practice onkologie 4, 4–22 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11654-009-0186-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11654-009-0186-4

Search

Navigation