Abstract
The Kathalguri Pluton is a granitic pluton confined within the Palaeo-Mesoproterozoic Shillong Group of rocks in the Mikir Massif, eastern India. The pluton is vertically zoned characterized by lower medium- to coarse-grained equigranular to porphyritic granite and upper fine-grained equigranular granite. Small to large mafic magmatic enclaves (MME) are distributed within the lower granite, while homogeneous grey-coloured hybrid rocks dominate the upper granite. From field relationships, textural features, and mineral chemical analyses we infer that the Kathalguri Pluton was a vertically zoned felsic magma chamber that was intruded by mafic magma during its evolution. The lower portion of the magma chamber was occupied by crystal mush, while the upper portion was dominated by melt when mafic magma intruded it. The occurrence of upper and lower zonations was probably brought about by fractional crystallization. The presence of such zonations within the felsic reservoir caused the mafic magma to interact with the two distinct zones differently, forming MME in the lower granite and homogeneous hybrid rocks in the upper portion. The plagioclase compositions of the larger MME, smaller MME, hybrid rocks, and granitic host rocks vary between An41–An47, An34–An44, An02–An52, and An03–An29 respectively. The alkali feldspar compositions of the hybrid rocks range from Or84 to Or97, while that of the host granite varies from Or92 to Or96. The biotite is eastonitic and siderophyllitic in composition, while the pyroxene is diopside. The apparent pressure range of biotite crystallization in the granitic rocks was calculated at 1.93 to 2.28 kbar, while the biotite crystallization temperature for the different rock types is in the range of 628 and 759 ºC. Oxygen fugacity estimates from the biotite suggest that the Kathalguri magmas crystallized at fO2 conditions above the nickel-nickel oxide (NNO) buffer. Distinct disequilibrium textures indicating mixing and mingling between the mafic and felsic magmas are preserved in the smaller MME and homogeneous hybrid rocks. These textures are mainly found in plagioclase crystals, which include resorbed grains, oscillatory zoned plagioclase, boxy-cellular morphology, and overgrowth texture. Some common magma mingling and mixing textures like quartz ocelli and back-veining are also preserved in the smaller MME. An interesting feature observed in the homogeneous hybrid rocks of our study area is mantled alkali feldspar in which orthoclase is mantled by microcline. We propose that this overgrowth texture formed due to epitaxial crystallization of microcline on orthoclase owing to mixing between the felsic and mafic magmas. Such magma mixing event produces a heterogeneous system that is in an extreme state of disequilibrium and facilitates the epitaxial growth of one feldspar on another. On the other hand, the larger MME of our study domain shows limited interaction with the felsic host as indicated by the replacement of clinopyroxene crystals by amphibole and biotite.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the anonymous reviewer(s) for their insightful and constructive comments. We thank Managing Editor Dr. Binbin Wang for handling the manuscript. We would also like to thank Professor Ewa Slaby for encouraging us to prepare this manuscript. The authors acknowledge the DST-SERB grant vide Project No. CRG/2020/002635 and CSIR-JRF fellowship No. 09/1236(0005)/2019-EMR-I. The authors are grateful to Professor N.V. Chalapathi Rao for EPMA analyses at DST-SERB National Facility, Department of Geology (Center of Advanced Study), Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University. The optical photomicrographs were obtained using the microscope-imaging facility established through DST-FIST funding (SR/FST/ESI-152/2016) at the Department of Geological Sciences, Gauhati University.
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Hazarika, G., Basumatary, P., Prakash, T. et al. Magma mixing dynamics in a vertically zoned granitic magma chamber inferred from feldspar disequilibrium assemblage and biotite composition: a case study from the Mikir Massif, eastern India. Acta Geochim 41, 453–469 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-022-00534-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-022-00534-1