Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preparation of Mn3O4 from low-grade rhodochrosite ore by chemical bath deposition method

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Chinese Journal of Geochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mn3O4 was prepared with the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. A MnSO4 solution was obtained by the leaching and purifying of low-grade rhodochrosite ore (LGRO), which was used as raw material. The preparation procedures were studied and promoted. The results showed that the Mn3O4 with the highest purity and highest specific surface area could be obtained under the following processes. An MnSO4 solution of 1.0 mol/L was added into a beaker under a flow rate of 30 mL/h. The pH of the reaction solution was adjusted to 10 using NH3·H2O at 80 °C. Then the solids were washed and dried at 200 °C for 2.5 h. The total Mn content (TMC) of Mn3O4 was 72.0 %. The ionic distributions was formulated as [Mn2+][Mn 2+0.3024 Mn 3+0.2937 Mn 4+0.3786 □0.0254]2O4. The average crystallite size of Mn3O4 with a tetragonal hausmannite structure was found to be about 35 nm by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The BET specific surface area of the Mn3O4 measured was 32 m2/g.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed KAM, Peng H, Wu K, Huang K (2011) Hydrothermal preparation of nanostructured manganese oxides (MnOx) and their electrochemical and photocatalytic properties. Chem Eng J 172:531–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anilkumar M, Ravi V (2005) Synthesis of nanocrystalline Mn3O4 at 100 °C. Mater Res Bull 40:605–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apte SK, Naik SD, Sonawane RS, Kale BB, Pavaskar N, Mandale AB, Das BK (2006) Nanosize Mn3O4(Hausmannite) by microwave irradiation method. Mater Res Bull 41:647–654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang YQ, Yu DP, Long Y, Xu J, Luo XH, Ye RC (2005) Large-scale fabrication of single-crystalline Mn3O4 nanowires via vapor phase growth. J Cryst Growth 279:88–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen ZW, Lai JKL, Shek CH (2006) Shape-controlled synthesis and nanostructure evolution of single-crystal Mn3O4 nanocrystals. Scr Mater 55:735–738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhaouadi H, Ghodbane O, Hosni F, Touati F (2012) Mn3O4 nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and dielectric properties. ISRN Spectrosc 10:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubal DP, Dhawale DS, Salunkhe RR, Fulari VJ, Lokhande CD (2010) Chemical synthesis and characterization of Mn3O4 thin films for supercapacitor application. J Alloy Compd 497:166–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalakrishnan IK, Bagkar N, Ganguly R, Kulshreshtha SK (2005) Synthesis of super paramagnetic Mn3O4 nanocrystallites by ultrasonic irradiation. J Cryst Growth 280:436–441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laarj M, Kacim S, Gillot B (1996) Cationic distribution and oxidation mechanism of trivalent manganese ions in submicrometer MnxCoFe2-xO4 spinel ferrites. J Solid State Chem 125:67–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Zhou L, Gao J, Miao H, Zhang H, Xu J (2009) Synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles and their catalytic applications in hydrocarbon oxidation. Powder Technol 190:324–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehdilo A, Irannajad M, Hojjati-rad MR (2013) Characterization and beneficiation of Iranian low-grade manganese ore. Physicochem Probl Miner Process 49(2):725–741

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng T, Xu L, Chen H (2010) Preparation and characterization of high specific surface area Mn3O4 from electrolytic manganese residue. Central Eurpean J Chem 8:1059–1068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohani Bastami T, Entezari MH (2012) A novel approach for the synthesis of superparamagnetic Mn3O4 nanocrystals by ultrasonic bath. Ultrason Sonochem 19:560–569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva GC, Almeida FS, Ferreira AM, Ciminelli VST (2012) Preparation and application of a magnetic composite (Mn3O4/Fe3O4) for removal of As(III) from aqueous Solutions. Mater Res 15(3):403–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong Q, Huang K, Liu S (2000) Study on determination of Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+ and their distribution in tetragonal spinel-type Mn3O4. Chin J Anal Lab 19(5):68–70 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wang X, Qian Y, Wen X, Yang S (2006) Nanorods of manganese oxides: synthesis, characterization and catalytic application. J Solid State Chem 179:679–684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang G, Li Y, Ji H, Wang H, Gao P, Wang L, Liu H, Pinto J, Jiang X (2012) Influence of Mn content on the morphology and improved electrochemical properties of Mn3O4|MnO@carbonnanofiber as anode material for lithium batteries. J Power Sources 216:353–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Cheng C (2007) Manganese metallurgy review. Part I: leaching of ores/secondary materials and recovery of electrolytic/chemical manganese dioxide. Hydrometallurgy 89:137–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu KP, Huang BG (2004) Valence state of manganese in mangano-manganic oxide and analytical method for its paste sample. Min Metall Eng 24(1):58–60, 63 (in Chinese with English abstract)

  • Zhang W, Yang Z, Liu Y, Tang S, Han X, Chen M (2004a) Controlled synthesis of Mn3O4 nanocrystallites, MnOOH nanorods by a solvothermal method. J Cryst Growth 263:394–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YC, Qiao T, Ya Hu X (2004b) Preparation of Mn3O4 nanocrystallites by low-temperature solvothermal treatment of γ-MnOOH nanowires. J Solid State Chem 177:4093–4097

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Nie U, Wang H, Tian J, Ning Z, Li X (2012) Direct synthesis of palladium nanoparticle s on Mn3O4 modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes: a highly active catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation in alkaline media. J Power Sources 218:320–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao J, Xu L, Xie C (2013) Preparation of chemical manganese dioxide from low-grade rhodochrosite ore. Chin J Geochem 32:380–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The study is financially supported jointly by the Bureau of Land Resources and Housing Management of Chongqing (Scientific & Technologic Program in 2011).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China

    Jing Zhao, Longjun Xu & Taiping Xie

  2. School of Environmental Protection and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China

    Chao Xie

Authors
  1. Jing Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Longjun Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Taiping Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chao Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jing Zhao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhao, J., Xu, L., Xie, T. et al. Preparation of Mn3O4 from low-grade rhodochrosite ore by chemical bath deposition method. Chin. J. Geochem. 34, 55–61 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-014-0020-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-014-0020-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation