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Performance Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization of Two Organic Rankine Cycles with Different Fluids for Low Grade Waste Heat Recovery

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Abstract

The basic organic Rankine cycle (BORC) and ORC with an internal heat exchanger (IHORC) are studied with different working fluids under a given heat source condition to analyse the thermodynamic performances and net power output. The results demonstrate that the external exergy efficiency of IHORC is lower than that of BORC while the internal exergy efficiency is on the opposite with the same overall exergy efficiencies. A multi-objective optimization model with inlet pressure and temperature of expander as independent parameters and exergy and heat recovery efficiencies as objective functions is solved by NSGA-II (the second non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm). The Pareto optimal solutions are obtained by the optimization models. By calculation with the optimum conditions, it is determined that R236ea has the best comprehensive performance with exergy efficiencies being 40.69% and 41.38%, and heat recovery efficiencies being 83.2% and 75.6% in IHORC and BORC, respectively. The evaporators occupy the maximum exergy destruction, which can be reduced by decreasing pinch point temperatures and increasing evaporation pressures.

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Abbreviations

ORC:

organic Rankine cycle

BORC:

basic ORC

IHORC:

ORC with an internal heat exchanger

NSGA-II:

the second non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm

ODP:

ozone depletion potential

GWP:

global warming potential

C p :

specific heat at constant pressure/kJ·kg−1·K−1

E :

exergy/kJ·s−1

h :

enthalpy/kJ·kg−1

I :

exergy loss/kJ·s−1

M :

molar mass/kg·kmol−1

m :

mass flow/kJ·s−1

P :

pressure/kPa

Q :

heat exchange capacity/kW

T :

temperature/K

W :

power/kW

η :

efficiency

Φ :

heat recovery efficiency

0:

environmental state

1,2,2i,2s,3,4,4i,4s,5,6:

state point

B:

BORC

b:

boiling state

con:

condenser

cr:

critical state

eva:

evaporator

ex:

exergy

ex,ext:

external exergy

ex,int:

internal exergy

exp:

expander

e/c:

evaporating/condensing

f:

working fluid

g:

waste heat

g,in:

waste heat inlet

g,out:

waste heat outlet

IHE:

internal heat exchanger

in:

input

n :

index of state points

net:

net power output

out:

output

p:

pump

pp:

pinch point

th:

thermal

x,q:

thermal exergy

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by projects for International (regional) Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural-Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41761144067) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51376110).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’nan, 250061, China

    Yi Ge, Jitian Han & Xiaoxuan Zhu

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  1. Yi Ge
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  2. Jitian Han
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  3. Xiaoxuan Zhu
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Correspondence to Jitian Han.

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Ge, Y., Han, J. & Zhu, X. Performance Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization of Two Organic Rankine Cycles with Different Fluids for Low Grade Waste Heat Recovery. J. Therm. Sci. 31, 650–662 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-022-1601-1

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