Abstract
Many environment problems of the full using of several categories of processing include mining, heat generators, direct combustion of forest fires, cement production, power plant, transport, medical waste. Dioxin/furan releases from these categories are one of these environment problems. Possible lines of reducing the PCDD/PCDF (Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins/Polychlorinated dibenzofurans) releases from these categories are elucidated. The contribution of this paper is present the identification and estimation of the latest figure of dioxin/furan releases in the climate of environment of Jordan in the period 2000–2008 from the following categories (cement, aluminum, ceramic, medical waste, power plant, land fill, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, uncontrolled combustion process (biomass burning, waste burning, accidental fires in house, transport). These finding shows the sign of growth of estimated PCDD/PCDF releases from categories which did not calculated and followed after 2003. The result shows the highest PCDD/PCDF release from landfill fires (62.75 g TEQ/year), medical waste (8.8264 g TEQ/year), and transport (3.0145 g TEQ/year). Jordan seeks by next years, a reduction in total releases of dioxins and furans from sources resulting from human activity. This challenge will apply to the aggregate of releases to the air nationwide and of releases to the water within the Jordan area. Jordan should conduct air monitoring for dioxin in order to track fluctuations in atmospheric deposition levels.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2008. Annual Report 2007, Amman
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2008. Figure & Facts 2007, Amman
Ministry of Environment, 2008. Annual Report 2007, Amman
International Energy Agency, 2000. World Energy Outlook 2000. Paris.
International Energy Agency, 2002. Transportation and Energy. Paris.
International Energy Agency, 2006. Key World Energy Statistics. Paris.
“Standardized Toolkit For Identification and Quantification of Dioxin and Furan Releases” 1st edition, UNEP Chemicals, May 2003, Stockholm Convention for Control of Persistent Organic Pollutants
Huang, H., and Beukens, A. On the mechanisms of dioxin formation in combustion processes. Chemosphere 31(9): 4099–4117 (1995).
Kreisz, S., Hunsinger, H., and Vogg, H. Wet scrubbers — a potential PCDD/F Source? Chemosphere 32(1): 73–78 (1996).
Sharari, S. & At-Tall, R. “Environmental Legislation Encyclopedia”, GCEP, Amman 1998
COWIconsult, RSS. “Industrial Pollution Control in Jordan”, Amman, 1994
JICA “Basic Design Study Report on the Project of Solid Waste Management in Major Local Areas in Jordan, Amman, 1996
IGIP, Loock, JCE, CES “Northern Region Solid Waste Management Project” Amman, 1999
Final Report on Identification and Quantification of Dioxin and Furan Releases in Jordan, Ministry of Environment, Amman — June 2003.
Department of Drivers and Vehicles Licensing, 2007. Statistical Yearbook2005. Amman
Ministry of Environment, 1997. Initial Communication Report under the UN Framework Convention on the Climate Change. Amman.
Ministry of Public Works and Housing, 2008. Annual Report 2007. Amman.
Department of Statistics (DoS), 2008. Statistical Yearbook 2007. Amman, Jordan.
The Annual Accidents Statistical Report, General Directorate of Civil Defense, Amman, 2008
Department of General Statistics, The Annual Statistical Report, Amman, 2003.
National Chemical Profile, Ministry of Health & GCEP, 2nd edition, Amman, 2002.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al-Dabbas, M.A. The PCDD/PCDF Dioxin releases in the climate of environment of Jordan in the period (2000–2008). J. Therm. Sci. 19, 182–192 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-010-0182-6
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-010-0182-6