Abstract
The strength of water-bearing rock cannot be obtained in real time and by nondestructive experiments, which is an issue at cultural relics protection sites such as grotto temples. To solve this problem, we conducted a near-infrared spectrum acquisition experiment in the field and laboratory uniaxial compression strength tests on sandstone that had different water saturation levels. The correlations between the peak height and peak area of the near-infrared absorption bands of the water-bearing sandstone and uniaxial compressive strength were analyzed. On this basis, a strength prediction model for water-bearing sandstone was established using the long short-term memory full convolutional network (LSTM-FCN) method. Subsequently, a field engineering test was carried out. The results showed that: (1) The sandstone samples had four distinct characteristic absorption peaks at 1400, 1900, 2200, and 2325 nm. The peak height and peak area of the absorption bands near 1400 nm and 1900 nm had a negative correlation with uniaxial compressive strength. The peak height and peak area of the absorption bands near 2200 nm and 2325 nm had nonlinear positive correlations with uniaxial compressive strength. (2) The LSTM-FCN method was used to establish a strength prediction model for water-bearing sandstone based on near-infrared spectroscopy, and the model achieved an accuracy of up to 97.52%. (3) The prediction model was used to realize non-destructive, quantitative, and real-time determination of uniaxial compressive strength; this represents a new method for the non-destructive testing of grotto rock mass at sites of cultural relics protection.
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Acknowledgments
Many thanks to our colleagues who have contributed to this article. In particular, we would like to thank WANG Peng, ZHOU Nuan, and ZHANG Jing-jie, who assisted in the experimental simulation. This work was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Mountain Geological Hazard Prevention (PCMGH-2021-05) and the Special Fund for Fundamental Research Business Expenses of Central Universities (Grant No. 600101110102).
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ZHANG Xiu-lian performed the data analyses and wrote the manuscript; ZHANG Fang contributed to the conception of the study; WANG Ya-zhe performed the experiment; TAO Zhi-gang helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions; ZHANG Xiao-yun contributed significantly to analysis and manuscript preparation.
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Data Availability: All the data included in this study are available upon request by contact with the corresponding author.
Conflict of Interest: The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
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Zhang, Xl., Zhang, F., Wang, Yz. et al. Strength prediction model for water-bearing sandstone based on near-infrared spectroscopy. J. Mt. Sci. 20, 2388–2404 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-022-7796-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-022-7796-5