Abstract
The Yellow River Source National Park (YRSP) is one of the most sensitive and fragile ecological regions in the world. The historical intensive grazing and climate change have resulted in ecological degradation that threatens the wildlife and livestock. Exploring the sustainable strategy is urgent for policy makers to meet the demands for wild ungulates and livestock. In our study, the grassland ecological carrying capability (GECC) was assessed based on the updated grass-livestock balance that considered the grass competition from wild ungulates. The balances between grass and livestock, and GECC and grassland pressure index (GPI) in the YRSP were measured through overlay analysis and geostatistic analysis. The results showed that: (1) the ratio of livestock to wild ungulates in the research area was approximately 4.56: 1, in which the proportion of livestock was 81.75% and the actual number of livestock was 33.84 × 104 standard sheep units; (2) Under the scenario of minimum grazing utilisation rate, the theoretical grazing capacity and GECC were 37.83 × 104 standard sheep units and −0.13, respectively. Under the maximum grazing utilisation rate, the theoretical grazing capacity and GECC were 41.93 × 104 standard sheep units and −0.21, respectively. Since GECC in both scenarios were both less than 0, the grassland was considered to be in surplus and the livestock was not overloaded. However, GPI in the two scenarios were 0.87 and 0.79, respectively, both of which exceeded the warning line of 0.70. Based on GECC, we recommend that the sustainable strategy in YRSP is either to increase the supplementary feeding about 6.40 × 104 standard sheep units or reduce the grazing livestock by about 3.50 × 104 standard sheep units.
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Acknowledgement
The research was funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA23060601), National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A2088), Monitoring and Warning Program for Resources and Environment Carrying Capability in Sichuan Province (Grant No. ZXGH201709), Land space planning of Sichuan Province (2019–2035), Ecological restoration planning of land space in Sichuan Province (2021–2035). We are grateful to the Management Office of the Three-River-Source National Park, Qinghai Grassland Station, Grassland Station of Guolou State, the Yellow River Source Park Management Committee of Three River Source National Park and Maduo County Ecological Protection Station for strong support and assistance with field work.
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Yu, H., Liu, Bt., Wang, Gx. et al. Grass-livestock balance based grassland ecological carrying capability and sustainable strategy in the Yellow River Source National Park, Tibet Plateau, China. J. Mt. Sci. 18, 2201–2211 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6087-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6087-2