Abstract
The unloading effect of the excavation of deep roadways has been considerably studied, but most research methods have been limited to numerical simulations and field measurements. Only a few have adopted experimental methods for similar simulations. On the basis of the theory of mechanics, the testing system is designed considering initial geostress and dynamic unloading. The system includes an impact unloading gear and in-situ stress loading equipment, and a designed three-link structure and the impact hammer can effectively realize the dynamic excavation of roadways. Meanwhile, a cyclic excavation similar simulation experiment on a deep roadway is conducted in a laboratory. The testing system and the relevant monitoring facilities are utilized, and the unloading effect inside the surrounding rock under the cyclic dynamic excavation is studied. Results show that the cyclic dynamic excavation causes significant unloading only in the nearby rock mass, and the unloading indicators show nonlinear changes. Moreover, when the lateral pressure coefficient is 1.2, the damage is concentrated on both roadsides due to the excavation unloading. Meanwhile, the damage gradually decays as the span increases.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cao WZ, Li XB, Tao M, et al. (2016) Vibrations induced by high initial stress release during underground excavations. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 53: 78–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.01.017
Dong CL, Zhao GM, Li YM, et al. (2017) Mechanical properties and failure mechanism of surrounding rocks in deep circular tunnel under excavation unloading. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering 34: 511–526. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.13545/j.cnki.jmse.2017.03.016
Fei HL, Yang WF, Yang ZG, et al. (2012) Damage law research of stoping surrounding rock under repeated blast loading. Blasing 29: 38–41. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2012.04.009
Feng XT, Liu JP, Chen BR (2017) Monitoring, Warning, and Control of rockburst in deep metal mines. Engineering 3: 538–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.013
He MC, Xei HP, Peng SP, et al. (2005) Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 24: 2803–2813. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2005.16.001
Li DY, Sun Z, Xie T, et al. (2014) Energy evolution characteristics of hard rock during triaxial failure with different loading and unloading paths. Engineering Geology 69: 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.08.006
Liang YP, Li QM, Gu YL, et al. (2017) Mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of rock: Effect of loading and unloading confining pressure at the postpeak stage. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 44: 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.04.012
Liu HW (1993) Mechanics Of Material. Mechanical industry Press, Beijing, China. pp:300–303. (In Chinese)
Lu WB, Chen M, Yan P, et al. (2007) Study on vibration characteristics of surrounding rock induced by tunnel excavation under high in-situ stress. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 26: 3329–3334. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2007.z1.111
Lu WB, Zhou CB, Chen M, et al. (2008) Research on transient characteristics of excavation unloading. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 27: 2184–2192. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2008.11.003
Lu WB, Yang JH, Chen M, et al. (2011) Mechanism and equivalent numerical simulation of transient release of excavation load for deep tunnel. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 30: 1089–1096. (In Chinese)
Luo Y, Li XP, Xu PC, et al. (2014) Characteristic study of surrounding rock mass deformation considering accumulative damage effect. Rock and Soil Mechanics 35(11): 3041–3048. (In Chinese)
LÜ XF, Pan YS, Li ZH, et al. (2011) Study on deformation and failure of roadway of rock bolting under impact loading. Journal of China coal society 36: 24–28. (In Chinese)
Niu LL, Zhu WC, Cheng Z, et.al. (2017) Numerical simulation on excavation-induced damage of rock under quasi-static unloading and dynamic disturbance. Environmental Earth Sciences 76: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6955-4
Dammyr Ø, Nilsen B, Gollegger J (2017) Feasibility of tunnel boring through weakness zones in deep Norwegian subsea tunnels. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 69: 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.06.012
Reva VN (2002) Stability criteria of underground workings under zonal disintegration of rocks. Journal of Mining Science, Journal of Mining Science 38: 31–34. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020236617544
Shan RL, Wang EC, Song LW, et al. (2013) Blasting vibration numerical analysis of vertical wall semicircular arch roadway. Rock and Soil Mechanics 34: 437–443. (In Chinese)
Tao M (2013) Characteristic of the dynamic Loading and unloading responses and dynamic mechanism of rocks under high initial stress. Central South University in China. (In Chinese)
Tao M, Li XB, Li DY (2013) Rock failure induced by dynamic unloading under 3D stress state. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 65: 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2013.05.007
Wang XX, Ma WJ, Huang JW, et al. (2014) Mechanical Properties of Sandstone under Loading and Unloading Conditions. Advanced Materials Research 852: 441–446. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.852.441
Xiao JQ, Feng XT, Qiu SL, et al. (2013) Dynamic and static analytical method of excavation unloading effect in circular tunnel and results analysis. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 32: 2472–2480. (In Chinese) http://www.rockmech.org/CN/volumn/vo-lumn_1407.shtml
Yan P, Lu WB, Chen M, et al. (2009) Effect of initial geo-stress dynamic unloading during tunnel excavation. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical engineering 31: 1888–1894. (In Chinese) http://www.cgejournal.com
Yang HQ, Zeng YY, Lan YF, et al. (2014) Analysis of the excavation damaged zone around a tunnel accounting for geostress and unloading. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 69: 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.03.003
Yang RS, Wang YB, Xue HJ, et al. (2017) Dynamic behavior analysis of perforated crack propagation in two-hole blasting. Earth and planetary Science 61: 122–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2012.01.044
Yuan P, Xu Y, Xue JH (2016) Model test of anchorage deep tunnel in blasting excavation. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 35: 1830–1836. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.1201
Zha WH, Hua XZ, Chen DH (2013) Quantitative analysis of plastic region in deep buried tunnel based on in-situ stress test. Journal of Experimental Mechanics 28: 657–662. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.7520/1001-4888-13-019
Zhao Y, Lu YY, Chen H (2010) A plane strain modeling study of a three-center arch for deep tunnels. China Civil Engineering Journal 43: 68–74. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.15951/j.tmgcxb.2010.03.001
Zhou H, Meng FZ, Zhang CQ (2015) Analysis of rockburst mechanisms induced by structural planes in deep tunnels. Bull Eng Geol Environ 74: 1435–1451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-014-0696-3
Zhou H, Qu CK, Hu DW, et al. (2017) In situ monitoring of tunnel deformation evolutions from auxiliary tunnel in deep mine. Engineering Geology 221: 1435–1451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.02.011
Zhuang DY, Tang CA, Liang ZZ, et al. (2017) Effects of excavation unloading on the energy-release patterns and stability of underground water-sealed oil storage caverns. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 61: 122–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.09.011
Acknowledgements
This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFC0603000), the National Natural Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51404011, 51674008, 51774012, 51474006, and 51574006), the Key Task Project in Scientific and Technological Research in Anhui Province (Grant No. 1604a0802107), the Outstanding Top-notch Talent Cultivation Project in Anhui Province (No. gxbjZD2016051), and the Anhui provincial academic and technical leaders and reserve candidates for academic research activities (No. 2015H036).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dong, Cl., Zhao, Gm., Lu, Xy. et al. Similar simulation device for unloading effect of deep roadway excavation and its application. J. Mt. Sci. 15, 1115–1128 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4784-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4784-2