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AgNO3 prevents the occurrence of hyperhydricity in Dianthus chinensis L. by enhancing water loss and antioxidant capacity

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Abstract

Hyperhydricity symptoms are common and significant during the in vitro culture of Dianthus chinensis L. and greatly affect the micropropagation and regeneration of cultured plantlets. However, effective measures for preventing such abnormalities have not been developed for this species. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) has been shown to revert hyperhydric plantlets to a normal state. Nevertheless, the effect of AgNO3 on the prevention of hyperhydricity and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, 98.7% of the Dianthus chinensis L. plantlets cultured in a hyperhydricity induction medium (HIM) developed symptoms of hyperhydricity; however, hyperhydricity symptoms were inhibited to different degrees when D. chinensis L. plantlets were cultured in HIM supplemented with various concentrations of AgNO3. In particular, approximately 97% of the D. chinensis L. plantlets grew normally and did not show any symptoms of hyperhydricity when cultured in HIM supplemented with 30 μmol L−1 AgNO3. Compared with the plantlets cultured in HIM alone, the plantlets cultured in HIM containing AgNO3 displayed dramatic decreases in water content, ethylene content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (particularly regarding H2O2 accumulation in guard cells) and showed increased antioxidant enzyme activity, stoma aperture, and water loss. These changes not only prevented excess water from accumulating in the tissues of plantlets but also improved the antioxidant capacity of plantlets, ultimately resulting in the prevention of hyperhydricity.

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Funding

This project is sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China

    Hongyang Gao, Pinsan Xu, Jiawei Li, Huining Ji, Lijia An & Xiuying Xia

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  1. Hongyang Gao
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  2. Pinsan Xu
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  3. Jiawei Li
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  4. Huining Ji
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  5. Lijia An
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  6. Xiuying Xia
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Contributions

HG and XX conceived the experiments. HG performed the experiments. HG, XX, LA, and PX analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. JL and HJ helped with some experiments. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiuying Xia.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Editor: Jianxin Chen

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Gao, H., Xu, P., Li, J. et al. AgNO3 prevents the occurrence of hyperhydricity in Dianthus chinensis L. by enhancing water loss and antioxidant capacity. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 53, 561–570 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-017-9871-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-017-9871-0

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