Summary
In vitro plantlets of Phalaenopsis ‘Happy Valentine’, Neofinetia falcate Hu, Cymbidium kanran Makino, and Cymbidium goeringii Reichb. f. were grown under photoautotrophic [high photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), high CO2 concentration, and increased number of air exchanges] and heterotrophic (low PPF, low CO2 concentration, no air exchanges) culture conditions. After 40 d of culture, a significant difference in plantlet growth was observed between the two cultures. Total fresh and dry mass were on average 1.5 times greater in photoautotrophic culture than in heterotrophic culture. Higher net photosynthetic rates were also observed for Phalaenopsis in photoautotrophic culture. In photoautotrophic culture, little difference was observed in air temperature between the inside and outside of the culture vessel, whereas in heterotrophic culture, air temperature inside the culture vessel was 1–2°C higher than that outside the culture vessel. Relative humidity inside the culture vessel was remarkably different between the two cultures: 83–85% in photoautotrophic culture and 97–99% in heterotrophic culture. These results indicated that growth and net photosynthetic rate of in vitro orchid plantlets were susceptible to the culture environments such as PPF, CO2 concentration, relative humidity (RH), and the number of air exchanges, which would allow a more efficient micropropagation system for these orchid plants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adelberg, J.; Desamero, N.; Hale, A.; Young, R. Orchid micropropagation on polypropylene membranes. Am. Orchid Soc. Bull. 61:688–695; 1992.
Avadhani, P. N.; Goh, C. J.; Rao, A. N.; Arditti, J. Carbon fixation in orchids. In: Arditti, J., ed. Orchid biology: reviews and perspectives, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; 1983:173–193.
Capellades, M.; Fontarnau, R.; Carulla, C.; Debergh, P. Environment influences anatomy of stomata and epidermal cells in tissue-cultured Rosa multiflora. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 115:141–145; 1990.
Deng, R.; Donnelly, D. J. In vitro hardening of red raspberry by CO2 enrichment and reduced medium sucrose concentration. HortScience 28:1048–1051; 1993.
Fujiwara, K.; Kozai, T.; Watanabe, I. Fundamental studies on environments in plant tissue culture vessels. (3) Measurements of carbon dioxide gas concentration in closed vessels containing tissue cultured plantlets and estimates of net photosynthetic rates of the plantlets. J. Agr. Meteorol. 43:21–30; 1987.
Infante, R.; Magnanini, E.; Righetti, B. The role of light and CO2 in optimizing the conditions for shoot proliferation of Actinidia deliciosa in vitro. Physiol. Plant. 77:191–195; 1989.
Kirdmanee, C.; Kubota, C.; Jeong, B. R.; Kozai, T. Photoautotrophic multiplication of Cymbidium protocorm-like bodies. Acta Hort. 319:243–248; 1992.
Kitaya, Y.; Fukuda, O.; Kozai, T.; Kirdmance, C. Effects of light intensity and lighting direction on the photoautotrophic growth and morphology of potato plantlets in vitro. Sci. Hortic 62:15–24; 1995.
Kozai, T.; Fujiwara, K.; Watanabe, I. Fundamental studies of environments in plant tissue culture vessels. (2) Effects of stoppers and vessels on gas exchange rates between inside and outside of vessels closed with stoppers. J. Agr. Meteorol. 42:119–127; 1986.
Kozai, T.; Iwanami, Y. Effects of CO2 enrichment and sucrose concentration under high photon flux on plantlet growth of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) in tissue culture during the preparation stage. J. Jap. Soc. Hort. Sci. 57:279–288; 1988.
Kozai, T.; Tanaka, K.; Jeong, B. R.; Fujiwara, K. Effect of relative humidity in the culture vessel on the growth and shoot elongation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets in vitro. J. Jpn Soc. Hort Sci. 62:413–417; 1993.
Kozai, T.; Yoshinaga, K.; Kubota, C. Rapid production of sweet potato cutting under controlled environment: CO2 enrichment and cutting preparation affected the growth and production rate. HortScience 32:481 (Abstr.); 1997.
Kubota, C.; Kozai, T. Growth and net photosynthetic rate of Solanum tuberosum in vitro under forced and natural ventilation. HortScience 27:1312–1314; 1992.
Lootens, S.; Heursel, J. Irradiance, temperature, and carbon dioxide enrichment affect photosynthesis in Phalaenopsis hybrids. HortScience 33:1183–1185; 1998.
Mousseau, M. CO2 enrichment in vitro effect on autotrophic and heterotrophic culture of Nicotiana tabacum (var. Samsun). Photosynth. Res. 8:187–191; 1986.
Murashige, T.; Skoog, F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15:473–497; 1962.
Paek, K. Y.; Kozai, T. Micropropagation of temperate Cymbidium via rhizome culture. Hortechnology 8:283–288; 1998.
Paek, K. Y.; Shim, G. B. Organogenesis and historical changes in protocorm culture of Neofinetia falcata. Res. Rep. Agr. Sci. Chungbuk Natl. Univ. 6:127–137; 1988.
Paek, K. Y.; Shim, G. B.; Whang, J. K. Asymbiotic germination plantlets of rhizome through the aseptic culture of temperate Cymbidium seeds. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 28:185–193; 1987.
Park, S. Y.; Murthy, H. N.; Paek, K. Y. Mass multiplication of protocorm-like bodies using bioreactor system and subsequent plant regeneration in Phalaenopsis. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 63:67–72; 2000.
Park, S. Y.; Paek, K. Y. Occurrence of abnormal plantlets and their morphological characteristics as affected by clones and culture periods in clonally propagated Phalaenopsis by leaf culture. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 40:731–734; 1999.
SAS Institute. SAS/STAT user's guide, 4th edn, version 6. Cary, NC: SAS Institute; 1989.
Sudo, K.; Tsutusui, N. Effects of the light intensity on the CO2 metabolism of two CAM plants: Phalaenopsis amabilis and Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri. Abstr. Jpn Soc. Hort. Soc. Auumn Meet. 318–319; 1980.
Tanaka, K.; Fujiwara, K.; Kozai, T. Effects of relative humidity in the culture vessel on the transpiration and net photosynthetic rates of potato plantlets in vitro. Acta Hort. 319:59–64; 1992.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hahn, EJ., Paek, KY. High photosynthetic photon flux and high CO2 concentration under increased number of air exchanges promote growth and photosynthesis of four kinds of orchid plantlets in vitro . In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 37, 678–682 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-001-0118-7
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-001-0118-7