Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is an ubiquitous environmental pollutant that is generated during combustion of fossil fuels. We examine the effect of noradrenaline (NA) on B[a]P-induced neurotoxicity in brain tumor cell lines like neuroblastoma (Neuro2a) and glioma (C6). We pre-treated tumor cells with NA for 6 h, followed by addition of B[a]P for additional 24 h. Cell viability was measured using trypan blue dye-exclusion assay and comet assay was performed to measure DNA damage. Cell cycle status was analyzed using flow cytometry and oxidative DNA damage (8-oxodG) production was examined by immunostaining. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration was analyzed using Fura-2AM. Our results showed viability of Neuro2a and C6 cells declined (24% and 20%) in B[a]P-treated groups. However, pre-treating with NA increased viability of cells by reducing percentage of cell death in both. Furthermore, B[a]P-induced deregulation of cell cycle (G2/M and S phase cell arrest) was significantly restored by pre-treatment with NA in Neuro2a cells as compared to C6 cells. We further observed increased 8-oxodG production in B[a]P-treated cells; however, NA pre-treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the 8-oxodG production in Neuro2a, while C6 cells were less affected possibly due to better protective machinery. B[a]P-induced intracellular Ca2+ influx was significantly reduced in both the cell lines due to co-treatment of NA possibly by reducing Ca2+ influx. NA protects brain tumor cells against B[a]P-induced neurotoxicity may be by decreasing percentage of G2 cell arrest, oxidative DNA damage, and reducing intracellular Ca2+ influx. These findings suggested that NA may be considered as a natural potential protective agent against B[a]P-induced neurotoxicity.
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The authors also thank all members of Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, for their kind help, technical support, and instrumentation facility.
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This work was supported by funding from the Project DAE-BRNS, Mumbai, No. 37(1)14/27/2015/ BRNS and DRDO, New Delhi, No. O/o DG (TM)/81/48222/LSRB-294/PEE&BS/2017 to Manorama Patri.
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Editor: Tetsuji Okamoto
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Patri, M., Singh, A. Protective effects of noradrenaline on benzo[a]pyrene-induced oxidative stress responses in brain tumor cell lines. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal 55, 665–675 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11626-019-00378-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11626-019-00378-9