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The cell sorting process of Xenopus gastrula cells involves the acto-myosin system and TGF-β signaling

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Abstract

We have previously shown that the cell sorting process of animal pole cells (AC) and vegetal pole cells (VC) from Xenopus gastrulae is considered to involve two steps: concentrification and polarization. In this study, we addressed the question of what specified the spatial relationship of the AC and VC clusters during the process. First, we examined the inhibitory or facilitatory treatment for myosin 2 activity during each of the two steps. The aggregates treated with Y27632 or blebbistatin during the concentrification step showed a cluster random arrangement, suggesting the prevention of the cell sorting by inhibition of myosin 2. Meanwhile, the treatment with a Rac1 inhibitor, NSC23766, during the same step resulted in promotion of the fusion of the AC clusters and the progression of the cell sorting, presumably by an indirect activation of myosin 2. On the other hand, the treatments with any of the three drugs during the polarization step showed that the two clusters did not appose, and their array remained concentric. Thus, the modulation of cell contraction might be indispensable to each of the two steps. Next, the activin/nodal TGF-β signaling was perturbed by using a specific activin receptor-like kinase inhibitor, SB431542. The results revealed a bimodal participation of the activin/nodal TGF-β signaling, i.e., suppressive and promotive effects on the concentrification and the polarization, respectively. Thus, the present in vitro system, which permits not only the cell contraction-mediated cell sorting but also the TGF-β-directed mesodermal induction such as cartilage formation, may fairly reflect the embryogenesis in vivo.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the members of our morphogenesis laboratories for their valuable discussions in weekly seminars. We thank Dr. Desimone DW for the generous gift of anti-fibronectin monoclonal antibody and helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nisikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan

    Ayano Harata, Takashi Matsuzaki, Akio Nishikawa & Setsunosuke Ihara

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  1. Ayano Harata
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  2. Takashi Matsuzaki
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  3. Akio Nishikawa
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  4. Setsunosuke Ihara
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Correspondence to Setsunosuke Ihara.

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Editor: T. Okamoto

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Harata, A., Matsuzaki, T., Nishikawa, A. et al. The cell sorting process of Xenopus gastrula cells involves the acto-myosin system and TGF-β signaling. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal 49, 220–229 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11626-013-9586-4

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